Functional Styles. Афанасьева Н.Р - 20 стр.

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39
Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old
Negro spiritual,
"Free at last, free at last.
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last."
Questions for discussion and analysis
1. What examples of figurative language can be found in the
text? (For example, "seared in the flames of withering injustice";
"manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination"; "whirl-
winds of revolt"; "oasis of freedom and justice"; "symphony of broth-
erhood."
2. What are the peculiarities of the metaphors used by
M.L. King (the structure, the images created)?
3. How do these uses enhance the overall impact of the
speech?
4. What oratorical devices does King use to add vitality and
force to his speech? (Comment on the use of refrains, multiple shifts
in sentence lengths; dramatic shifts in tone, use of questions as well as
exclamations, etc.)
5. In what specific ways does King call forth his experience as
a preacher to lend persuasive power to the speech? (For example,
images that call to mind the plight of black Americans; religious and
historical allusions?)
6. Sum up your ideas about the rhetorical influences on
King's speech, the oratorical devices that King uses in delivering his
speech and how a speech is similar to/different from other literary
forms.
7. What adjustments do you have to make to translate the text
into Russian? What expressive means will you be able to leave un-
changed? Which will you have to change? What kind of changes
will they be (change in the manner and nature of the image created,
change in some words used, etc)?
40
Extension Activity I
Compare the structure and content of "I Have a Dream," and
Kennedy's inaugural address paying attention to both similarities and
differences.
After having carefully studied the two speeches, address the fol-
lowing questions, being sure to defend your responses with supporting
examples:
1. Compare the structure of the two texts. Pay attention to the
paragraphing in the two cases. Try to account for the differences and
similarities you observed.
2. How are the speeches alike and/or different in their choices
of language? In other words, do the speeches seem as if they were
composed for the general public or rather for specific groups? How
does it influence the register of the words used?
3. Which do you see as being the most direct? That is, which
speech uses the least amount of figurative language and/or obscure
references?
4. Which is the most metaphorical in its content? In other
words, which makes the most use of figurative language? How does it
influence the tonality of the two?
5. Compare the communicative function of the texts and means
of fulfilling it.
6. For each speech, explain how relevant its ideas would be in
society if the speech were delivered today. Do the mentioned struggles
still exist? Has the country and the world evolved since the speeches
were given?
7. Based strictly on the texts themselves, which speech do you
see as the most:
• eloquent?
• passionate?
• intellectual?
• persuasive?
• honest? 
Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old                               Extension Activity I
Negro spiritual,
       "Free at last, free at last.                                                 Compare the structure and content of "I Have a Dream," and
       Thank God Almighty, we are free at last."                            Kennedy's inaugural address paying attention to both similarities and
                                                                            differences.
                Questions for discussion and analysis                               After having carefully studied the two speeches, address the fol-
                                                                            lowing questions, being sure to defend your responses with supporting
       1. What examples of figurative language can be found in the          examples:
text? (For example, "seared in the flames of withering injustice";                  1. Compare the structure of the two texts. Pay attention to the
"manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination"; "whirl-         paragraphing in the two cases. Try to account for the differences and
winds of revolt"; "oasis of freedom and justice"; "symphony of broth-       similarities you observed.
erhood."                                                                            2. How are the speeches alike and/or different in their choices
       2. What are the peculiarities of the metaphors used by               of language? In other words, do the speeches seem as if they were
M.L. King (the structure, the images created)?                              composed for the general public or rather for specific groups? How
       3. How do these uses enhance the overall impact of the               does it influence the register of the words used?
speech?                                                                             3. Which do you see as being the most direct? That is, which
       4. What oratorical devices does King use to add vitality and         speech uses the least amount of figurative language and/or obscure
force to his speech? (Comment on the use of refrains, multiple shifts       references?
in sentence lengths; dramatic shifts in tone, use of questions as well as           4. Which is the most metaphorical in its content? In other
exclamations, etc.)                                                         words, which makes the most use of figurative language? How does it
       5. In what specific ways does King call forth his experience as      influence the tonality of the two?
a preacher to lend persuasive power to the speech? (For example,                    5. Compare the communicative function of the texts and means
images that call to mind the plight of black Americans; religious and       of fulfilling it.
historical allusions?)                                                              6. For each speech, explain how relevant its ideas would be in
       6. Sum up your ideas about the rhetorical influences on              society if the speech were delivered today. Do the mentioned struggles
King's speech, the oratorical devices that King uses in delivering his      still exist? Has the country and the world evolved since the speeches
speech and how a speech is similar to/different from other literary         were given?
forms.                                                                              7. Based strictly on the texts themselves, which speech do you
       7. What adjustments do you have to make to translate the text        see as the most:
into Russian? What expressive means will you be able to leave un-                   • eloquent?
changed? Which will you have to change? What kind of changes                        • passionate?
will they be (change in the manner and nature of the image created,                 • intellectual?
change in some words used, etc)?
                                                                                    • persuasive?
                                                                                    • honest?

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