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Periodicals in the 19
th
Century
1. The 19
th
century was ripe for a speedy growth of periodicals and news-
papers. In that period of fast development of photography cities also continued
to grow fast. At the turn of the century, there were more than 20 cities with a
population over a million. This improved the conditions for increasing the num-
ber of copies of popular newspapers and magazines.
2. The fast growth of city agglomerations was not the decisive reason why
an unusually favourable situation developed for publishers of periodicals. The
increasing volume of industrial production necessitated more advertising. The
publisher’s profits from advertisements, increasing. Proportionally to the interest
of business, abled them to improve the extent and quality of periodicals and
newspapers and keep their prices constant, and sometimes even to reduce them.
3. Not only illustrated weeklies realized the advantages of pictorial infor-
mation, also editors of newspapers became increasingly aware that printed im-
ages can add to the popularity of their periodicals in the 1890s. The way to this
recognition was paved by several outstanding individuals who realized the “im-
minent approach of the optical age”. One of these pioneers was Joseph Pulitzer
who bought in 1883 the not quite prosperous periodical World, published in
New York. This newspaper became in three years of his ownership one of the
most successful, partly due to the use of pictorial information (still in the form
of reproductions of engravings). World carried increasingly more of less key
component.
4. The rising general standard of periodicals raised the question how to use
all advantages of pictorial information. Direct reproduction of photographs by
the half-tone method was naturally most widely used in mass-circulation illus-
trated magazines. But modern printing methods were not yet completely preva-
lent. The public at that time did not always receive the replacement of engraving
by half-tone reproduction of photographs with enthusiasm, not to say as a fun-
damental innovation in journalism.
1. Was the 19
th
century ripe for a speedy grouth of periodicals and newspa-
pers?
2. What improved the conditions for increasing the number of copies of
popular newspapers and magazines?
3. What abled the publishers to improve the extent and quality of periodi-
cals and newspapers?
4. Could printed images add to the popularity of periodicals?
5. Who was the editor of the periodical World?
6. Did some newspapers begin to use direct reproduction of photographs?
б) Выпишите из текста сказуемые и определите их
видо-временные формы и залог.
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