Английский язык. Александрова Г.А. - 42 стр.

14. Have you ever been to Pskov Museum of History?
15. What is your favourite place in Pskov?

                                    Text 2
                                    Pskov
                               (A Brief History)
       Pskov is one of Russia’s ancient cities. The Slavic Krivich tribe
came to the land of today’s Pskov in the 7 th century. The land was inhab-
ited before this time, but it was for the most part unsettled. Here and there
on the banks of rivers and lakes there were a few small, scattered settle-
ments of the Chud and Lettish-Lithuanian tribes. The ancient chronicles
contain no mention of when or by whom Pskov was founded. But we
know that from the beginning of the Russian land Pskov was never ruled
by a prince. Its inhabitans lived freely here, «at their will», as the chroni-
cles relate.
       In The Tale of Bygone Years - the first Russian chronicle - Izborsk
and Pskov are mentioned under the years 862 and 903 as already in exist-
ence for a long time. Tradition has it that Truvor became the prince of the
Krivich tribe in the year 862 and chose Izborsk as his official residence.
He died two years later, bequeathing the principality of Pskov to neigh-
bouring Novgorod. Pskov became subjected to Novgorod, and came to be
called its «suburb».
       Gradually the inhabitans of Pskov freed themselves from their sub-
jection to Novgorod. In 1137 they came to be ruled by the independent
prince, Vsevolod Mstislavich (or Vsevolod - Gavriil), grandson of the
famous Kievan prince, Vladimir Monomakh. In 1138 Vsevolod died. For
the people of Pskov his name became a symbol of independence.
       Pskov was not invaded by the Tatar-Mongol hordes, as was nearly
all the rest of Russia in the 13 th - 14 th centuries. However, a powerful
enemy appeared - the order of German Knights. This order was founded
in 1202 and centered in Riga. In 1237 it merged with the Teutonic Ortder
and came to be called the Levonian Order.
       The Livonian Ordr began an energetic campaign against the Rus-
sian lands including Pskov. In 1240 the Pskov boyars betrayed their land
and let the Germans into the city. Two years later the famous Russian
Prince Alexander Nevsky liberated the city, and on April 5, 1242, he de-
feated the knights on the ice of Chudskoye Lake. This battle has gone
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