Английский язык. Александрова Г.А. - 91 стр.

during the 18 th and 19 th centuries they tended to become universities
exclusively for gentlemen. Until 1854 at Oxford and 1856 at Cambridge
only members of the Church of England could enter the University.
       The Scottish universities were all founded in the 14 th or 15 th
century. Their characteristic student was a minister’s or a small farmer’s
son. Students were provided, by means of lectures and libraries, with the
opportunity to acquire a knowledge of the classics, mathematics, law,
medicine or theology or whatever it might be, and apart from that they
were left alone. There was not the elaborate system of tutoring, and super-
vision moral and mental, which there was at Oxford and Cambridge.
       The English civic universities are all comparatively new formations.
University College (London University) was founded in 1827 in order to
provide a university education for Non-conformists who until the eigh-
teen-fifties were not admitted to Oxford or Cambridge. The other provin-
cial university were started for people who were debarred from Oxford or
Cambridge, not by religion, but money or lack of it.
       Oxford and Cambridge colleges cultivate connections with public
schools in many cases. In all these conditions, even if the attempt to be
«fair» is made, the selection procedure is subject to the dictatorship of the
middle class, who prefer mirror images of themselves and their families.
       The class aspect of higher education shows itself in many other
ways. Before many reach the stage of applying to a university, their future
is predetermined by the economic need to get out and earn and so on.
Many thousands will then turn to getting qualifications from Colleges of
Advanced Technology, Technical Colleges, Training Colleges and other
institutions.

     Notes:
     diverse - разный
     to trace - прослеживать
     to abandon - отказываться; оставлять
     to retain - сохранять
     to debar - исключать
     non-conformist - так называют тех, кто не принадлежит к
Церкви Англии
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