Методические указания по теме "Моя специальность" для студентов 2 курса архитектурно-строительного факультета. Анашкина Л.А - 10 стр.

trend                                       направление
dwelling                                    жилой дом; жилище
amount                                      количество
pollution                                   загрязнение
survey                                      исследование
forecast                                    прогноз
master plan                                 генеральный план
flexible                                    гибкий
to avoid                                    избегать;
congestion                                  скопление (перенаселенность)
community                                   общество; общность
core                                        средний; центр
to accept                                   принимать
space for recreation                        место для отдыха
ultimate                                    окончательный, последний.

      Text. Town Planning

(1) That cities should have a plan is now admitted in the time of large-scale
   construction and planmaking has become an everyday activity. The purpose of a
   town plan is to give the greatest possible freedom to the individual. It does this by
   controlling development in such a way that it will take place in the interests of the
   whole population.
(2) The new development absorbs or modifies an existing environment, and so before
   it can be designed it is necessary to find out about that environment. It is also
   necessary to do research of the trends of population growth, the distance from
   work to home, the preferences for different types of dwelling, the amount of
   sunshine in rooms, the degree of atmospheric pollution and so on. After the survey
   is complete a forecast of future development is made in the form of a map, or
   series of maps: the master plan or development plan. As no one can be certain
   when the development is to take place and since a society is an organic thing, with
   life and movement, the plan of a city must be flexible so that it may extend and
   avoid congestion in every part.
(3) The plan is never a complete and fixed thing, but rather one that is continually
   being adapted to the changing needs of the community for whom it is designed.
   Until recent years town plans were always made as inflexible patterns, but history
   has shown that a plan of this description breaks down in time.
(4) The flexible plan, based on a survey, is one of the best ideas that man has ever
   had about the control of his environment.
(5) Most towns today have a characteristic functional pattern as follows: a central
   core containing the principal shopping centre, business zones, surrounded by
   suburbs of houses. Most town planners accept the traditional town pattern. In the
   preparation of a master plan they are preoccupied with the definition of the town
   centre, industrial areas and the areas of housing; the creation of open space for
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