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38
3) There are five elements of computer system: hardware, software,
people, diskettes and data.
4) The manner in which computers are connected is the
connectivity.
5) Without software instructions hardware doesn’t know what to do.
6) The software is the most important component because it is
made by people.
7) The user inputs data into computer to get information as an
output.
8) Computer is used to help people in decision making process.
2. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words:
program, information, processing of information, software,
connectivity, computer, people.
1) … doesn’t come to life until it is connected to other parts of a
system.
2) … is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the
hardware how to perform a task.
3) … create the computer software instructions and respond to the
procedures that those instructions present
4) Information in the form of instruction is called a…
5) The manner in which the various individual systems are
connected is…
6) … is organized, processed and useful for decision making
7) The basic job of the computer is the…
TEXT 9
Pre-reading task
1. Without what parts computer is unable to work?
2. What is the most expensive part of the hardware?
3. What other hardware devices do you know? What are they
for? Do you know how to use them?
4. Read the text “Hardware” and discuss the following
questions in group:
a) What is the Webster's dictionary definition of hardware?
b) What groups of hardware could be defined?
c) What is input hardware? What are the examples of input
hardware?
d) What is a mouse designed for? What is a light pen?
75
memories and dynamic memories. Static memories are those that
retain the information, without the need to refresh that information at
frequent time intervals. Static memories are simpler than dynamic
memories in their operating characteristics. As long as DC power is
applied to the device, a static memory will retain all of the information
stored in it. No other input signals are required. However, when the
power is turned off, this information is lost. These memories are called
volatile
1
memories. Other memories that retain their information after
the power is turned off are called non-volatile. Static memories in spite
of their higher cost per bit of storage are favoured for small memory
systems because they call for a minimum of external support circuitry.
At a further premium in cost the power consumption of static memories
can be reduced to such a negligible value that small batteries will
power them for days or weeks. Such memories exploit the
"complementary" MOS (CMOS) technology: they are found in some
pocket calculators that hold their data or their program even when the
power switch is in the "off position.
Vocabulary:
Volatile memories - the temporal information in the store can be
destroyed when the computer is switched off.
Part IV. Supplementary Reading Section
TEXT 1
Pre-reading task
1. Read the text “A Will to Learn” and discuss the following
questions in group:
a) What made you choose University rather than another
higher educational institution? Give your reasons.
b) What is to be a Bachelor student?
c) What subjects are included in the first-year curriculum at
your faculty? What subject is the most interesting; the
least interesting; the one you think the most important;
the one you find the most difficult?
d) Was it easy for you to get accustomed to the University
system of lectures and seminars after the school system
of classes and home tasks? Which are more useful in
your opinion — lectures or seminars? Do you have to
work much after your lectures and seminars are over? Do
you often work at the University library? What are the
advantages and disadvantages of working at the library,
at home, at a hostel?
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