Английский для социологов. Астафурова Т.Н. - 90 стр.

      • How the community can be served many pressures affect business
leaders. Ethical considerations are sometimes difficult for business leaders
when they must choose among different priorities. Making decisions based
on the needs of employees, customers, shareholders, and the commu-
nity requires a good leader. All good leaders are interested in achieving
ethical standards and in motivating employees to do what is right.
      There are laws that guide business leaders.
      Breaking laws can lead to arrest and imprisonment. For example,
one company’s sales manager decided to discount prices of old fruit,
which turned out to be contaminated. In the end, some children who
ate the fruit got very sick with hepatitis A. The disease was traced to the
company’s spoiled fruit, and several of the company’s leaders were
indicted on criminal charges. Today the company no longer exists.
      But laws are not always enough to ensure that behavior is ethical.
Individual leaders and their decision-making behaviors (ethical or
unethical) set examples for employees. In the United States, anony-
mous surveys show that 30 percent of managers admit they have
submitted inaccurate reports. Clearly, there is a need to develop ethical
decision-making skills.
     ON-THE-JOB ETHICAL CONFLICTS
     Four main ethical conflicts confront leaders and managers in
business:
     1. Conflict of interest    — An individual may be able to
                                   achieve personal gain from a
                                   decision he or she makes.
     2. Loyalty versus truth    — An individual must decide
                                   between loyalty the company and
                                   truthful-ness in business
                                   relationshi ps.
     3. Honesty and integrity   — An individual must decide
                                   whether to be honest or lie, and
                                   whether to take responsibility for
                                   decisions and actions or blame
                                   someone else.
     4. Whistle-blowing         — An individual must decide
                                   whether to tell others (media or
                                   government authorities) about
                                   the unethical behavior of the
                                   company or institution.

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