Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений. Бодргина Л.И - 73 стр.

     During the 19th century the Bank of England developed techniques for regu-
lating interest rates and the amount of credit issued by itself and by the banking
system generally. As the leading bank in the world’s leading financial center, its
actions were considered critical in maintaining the international gold standard. By
adjusting its discount rate, that is, the interest it charged on loans to commercial bor-
rowers, it was able to affect the international flow of short-term capital. An increase
in the discount rate would attract money to London and at the same time discou-
rage borrowers; a reduction in the discount rate would have the opposite effect.
     The Bank of England was nationalized in 1946.
     Today the bank is able to adjust the country’s supply of money through the
purchase and sale of securities. It also controls interest rates and sets limits on the
amount of bank credit.

     Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения.
     Banknotes; monetary; central; reserve; group; debt; merchants; deposits;
discount houses; financing.
     The Bank of England is the British _____ bank, which was nationalized in
1946. It was originally incorporated in 1694, being set up by a ____ of London
___. Since the mid-19th century it has been the only bank authorized to issue ____.
The Bank conducts ___ policy through open-market operations (acting as lender
of the last resort to the …), and through regulation of the supply of credit by way
of the high interest rate it charges on special ___ called from the commercial
banks. The Bank is also responsible for ___ the notional __ and for holding the
country’s gold ___.




                                   UHIT 19
                               TAXES. DIVIDENDS

      TAX a rate or sum of money assessed on a person or property for the support
of the government, and commonly levied upon assets or real property (property
tax), or income derived from wages, etc. (income tax), or upon the sale or pur-
chase of goods (sales tax).
      AD VALOREM TAX (VALUE ADDED TAX)
      AD VALOREM TAX (VALUE ADDED TAX) a tax imposed upon the dif-
ference between the cost of an asset to the taxpayer and the present fair market
value of such asset; a tax based on a percentage of the value of the property sub-
ject to taxation, as opposed to a specific tax, which is a fixed sum applied to all of
a certain class of articles.
      CAPITAL GAINS TAX
      CAPITAL GAINS TAX (UK) – foreign currency bank accounts owned by
persons not domiciled only in the UK and situated in the UK for the purposes of
capital gains tax.
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