Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов I курса всех факультетов. Часть 2. Богданова Н.А - 17 стр.

       The first Russian satellite communication system was put into practice in
1965. It consisted of several ground stations of the “Orbita” type and of the
“Molnia-1” retranslating satellite device, the latter making two turns round the
earth during day and night. This system was designed for long-distance telecasting,
for holding telebridges as well as for multichannel telephone, telegraph and
phototelegraph communications
        The latest developments in the field of satellite data communication are
satellite systems of personal communication links which have many advantages.
They play a key role when the user is moving off beyond the boundary of local
radio network stable communication. In many parts of the world mobile
communication can be carried out only with the help of satellite systems. At present
the number of INMARSAT1 system users amounts to 40 thousand. By the 21-st
century it is expected to increase up to one million.
  1
      INMARSAT – International Maritime Satellite Telecommunications Organisation –
                    Международная организация морской спутниковой связи.

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       In the 20-th century the creation of quantum optical generators (lasers) gave
birth to the wide application of optical means of communication in space. Because
of its being highly coherent a laser beam is able to penetrate far into cosmic space
without being diffused. Using optical waves it is possible to transmit information at
superlong distances, up to dozens of light years.
      At present laser beams are widely used for optical telephone communication
based on fibre optics. A quartz glass fibre strand as fine as a human hair is a light
conductor. A miniature laser beam is focused on one end of a light conductor and
converts voice signals in a telephone from electrical pulses to light. This light can
be sent along the light conductor for miles. One such light conductor can carry
thousands of simultaneous phone conversations.

                                         TEXT 6D

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