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The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a
form that is relatively permanent and. Storage hardware serves the same basic
functions as do office filing systems except that it stores data as electromagnetic
signals. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk (HDD), floppy disk
and CD-ROM.
Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs
and relatively large amounts of data. Floppy disk (diskette) - thin, usually flexible
plastic disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer data and programs.
There are two formats for floppy disks: 5.25" and 3.5". 5.25" is not used in modern
computer systems because of it relatively large size, flexibility and small capacity.
3.5" disks are formatted 1.44 megabytes and are widely used.
CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a compact disc on which a large
amount of digitized read-only data can be stored. CD-ROMs are very popular now
because of the growing speed which CD-ROM drives can provide nowadays.
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SOFTWARE
A computer to complete a job requires more than just the actual equipment or
hardware we see and touch. It requires Software — programs for directing the
operation of a computer or electronic data.
Software is the final computer system component. These computer programs
instruct the hardware how to conduct processing. The computer is merely a general-
purpose machine which requires specific software to perform a given task.
Computers can input» calculate, compare, and output data as information. Software
determines the order in which these operations are performed. Programs usually fall
in one of two categories: system software and applications software.
System software controls standard internal computer activities. An operating
system, for example, is a collection of system programs that aid in the operation of a
computer regardless of the application software being used. When a computer is first
turned on, one of the system programmes is booted or loaded into the computers
memory. This software contains information about memory capacity, the model of
the processor, the disk drives to be used, and more. Once the system software is
loaded, the applications software can be brought in,
System programmes are designed for the specific pieces of hardware. These
programmes are called drivers and coordinate peripheral hardware and computer
activities. User needs to install a specific driver in order to activate a peripheral
device. For example, if you intend to buy a printer or a scanner you need to worry in
advance about the driver programme which, though, commonly goes along with your
device. By installing the driver you «teach» your mainboard to «understand» the
newly attached part. However, in modern computer systems the drivers are usually
installed in the operating system.
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