Техническое чтение для энергетиков. Бухарова Г.П. - 15 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

УлГТУ | Ульяновск

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

17
corresponding to the generation of about 200 watts per square yard of the silicon
surface.
French scientists have designed a solar lamp. It is about as big as a small
suitcase; at the top it has a collector panel consisting of a few dozen photo-sensitive
silicon cells, and the solar energy which they collect is stored in a small accumulator.
The underside of the 'suitcase' consists of a fluorescent tube. During day-time the
device is put out in the sun, and in the evening it is taken indoors and the lamp
switched on. Depending on the time the collector has been exposed to the sun the
lamp will then shine for a few hours.
Instead of semiconductors the solar battery can also use thermocouples. Here
the problem is that of keeping one end of the thermocouple wires cool while the other
is heated by the sun – otherwise there will be no current.
In the 1950' s, the Solar Energy Committee of the British National Physical
Laboratory made a suggestion which could help to provide tropical regions with
perpetual energy: the planting of quick-growing forest wood such as eucalyptus, and
its continuous combustion in medium-size power stations. A few square miles of
eucalyptus forest would yield enough wood to fire the boilers of the power station for
ever because the wood would grow as fast as it is used up.
Electricity from eucalyptus may not be the most efficient system of turning the
energy of the sun into power, but it shows the ingenuity of our scientists in finding
new ways and means to provide mankind with more and more energy; and that
means: to raise its standard of living. In the old days, the stage of civilization reached
by a nation used to be measured in pounds of soap per head a year; today it is the
amount of horsepower or kilowatt-hours available to everybody which indicates the
degree of civilization.
Now we have the technical means of generating enough energy to raise the
standard of living to a decent level all over the world, and it is our noblest task for the
rest of this century to do it.
SOLAR LIGHT BY NIGHT
Most people living in towns consider it a usual thing that streets are lit at night.
But street lights need a power supply (источник энергии) therefore distant areas
with no source of electricity remain in darkness until the sun comes up again.
With new appliances now offered by several British firms, many distant places
could be lit with solar-powered street lights. It may seem strange that the lamps can
use the power of the sun which shines by day when the lamps are needed at night, but
they work by using energy accumulated during the day from a solar panel. The solar
panel produces electricity which charges (заряжать) a battery. When the sun goes
down, the battery power is then used for lighting. Each lamp has its own panel so the
system can be used for one individual light or a number of them.
In the south of Saudi Arabia a motorway tunnel miles from any power supply
is lit day and night by solar-powered devices. The solar panels provide power during
the day and charge batteries which accumulate enough power to light the tunnel at

Страницы