Техническое чтение для энергетиков. Бухарова Г.П. - 57 стр.

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59
now, in a comparatively short period of time, electrical engineering has achieved so
much that it is quite possible, at will, to convert mechanical energy into electrical
energy and transmit the latter over hundreds of kilometres and more in any direction
required. Then in a suitable locality the electric energy can be reconverted into
mechanical energy whenever it is desirable. It is not difficult to understand that the
above process has been made possible owing to generators, transformers and motors
as well as to other necessary electrical equipment. In this connection one cannot but
mention the growth of electric power generation in this country. The longest
transmission line in pre-revolutionary Russia was that connecting the Klasson power-
station with Moscow. It is said to have been but 70 km long, while the pre sent
Volgograd–Moscow high-tension transmission line is over 1000 kilometres long.
(The reader is asked to note that the English terms "high-tension" and "high-voltage"
are interchangeable.) Generally speaking, the length of high-tension transmission
lines in the Soviet Union is so great that they could circle the globe six times, if not
more.
It goes without saying that as soon as the electric energy is produced at the
power-station, it is to be transmitted over wires to the substation and then to the
consumer. However, the longer the wire, the greater is its resistance to current flow.
On the other hand, the higher the offered resistance, the greater are the heating losses
in electric wires. .One can reduce these undesirable losses in' two ways, namely, one
can reduce either the resistance or the current. It is easy for us to see how we can
reduce resistance: it is necessary to make use of a better conducting material and as
thick wires as possible. However, such wires are calculated to require too much
material and, hence, they will be too expensive. Can the current be reduced? Yes, it is
quite possible to reduce the current in the transmission system by employing
transformers. In effect, the waste of useful energy has been greatly decreased due to
high-voltage lines. It is well known that high voltage means low current, low current
in its turn results in reduced heating losses in electrical wires. It is dangerous,
however, to use power at very high voltages for anything but transmission and
distribution. For that reason, the voltage is always reduced again before the power is
made use of.
Lasers. Soviet scientists are successfully developing quantum generators, called
lasers, for emitting light amplitude radio waves. Theoretical calculations have shown
that lasers are very likely to transform the energy of light radio waves into electrical
energy with an efficiency amounting to about 100 per cent. It means that electrical
power might be transmitted over considerable distances with negligible losses and
what is very important without the use of transmission lines.
TRANSMISSION LINE
Although presently operating at 230 kv, the transmission line is designed and
fully insulated for operation at 345 kv, using an additional conductor per phase.
Provision has been made and hardware provided for the intsallation of this second-
phase conductor; it will be strung prior to conversion to 345 kv, which is anticipated

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