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ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ
Ïðåäèñëîâèå.................................................................................6
Òåìà 1. Ýêîëîãèÿ è ñîâðåìåííûå ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå
ïðîáëåìû......................................................................................8
1. Ïðåäìåò è îòðàñëè ýêîëîãèè.........................................11
2. Âîçíèêíîâåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ýêîëîãèè............................13
3. Îñíîâíûå êàòåãîðèè ýêîëîãèè......................................15
Òåìà 2. Ïðîáëåìà êðèòè÷åñêèõ óðîâíåé â ðàçâèòèè ñèñòå ....17
1. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû è èåðàðõè÷åñêèå
óðîâíè èõ èíòåãðàöèè........................................................17
2. Î ñîîòíîøåíèè ýâîëþöèè è ñêà÷êîâ â ðàçâèòèè........20
3. Êðèòè÷åñêèå óðîâíè â ðàçâèòèè ñëîæíûõ ñèñòå .......22
Òåìà 3. Âîçíèêíîâåíèå ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè
è åå ïðåäìåò................................................................................24
1. Âîçíèêíîâåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè.......24
2. Ïðåäìåò ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè......................................28
3. Çàêîíû ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè........................................29
Òåìà 4. Ìåòîä ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè.........................................33
1. Òðóäíîñòè ñîçäàíèÿ ìåòîäà ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè......33
2. Ìåòîä, ìåòîäîëîãèÿ, îñíîâíûå ýëåìåíòû
íàó÷íîãî ïîçíàíèÿ.............................................................33
3. Ýòàïû íàó÷íîãî ïîçíàíèÿ..............................................35
Òåìà 5. Ìåòîäîëîãèÿ ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ
èññëåäîâàíèé...............................................................................40
1. Ñèñòåìà öåëåâûõ óñòàíîâîê
ýêîëîãî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîãî ðàçâèòèÿ...............................40
2. Ïðèíöèïû è êðèòåðèè ïðîöåññà
ýêîëîãèçàöèè ðàçâèòèÿ......................................................57
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ Ïðåäèñëîâèå.................................................................................6 Òåìà 1. Ýêîëîãèÿ è ñîâðåìåííûå ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðîáëåìû......................................................................................8 1. Ïðåäìåò è îòðàñëè ýêîëîãèè.........................................11 2. Âîçíèêíîâåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ýêîëîãèè............................13 3. Îñíîâíûå êàòåãîðèè ýêîëîãèè......................................15 Òåìà 2. Ïðîáëåìà êðèòè÷åñêèõ óðîâíåé â ðàçâèòèè ñèñòå ....17 1. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû è èåðàðõè÷åñêèå óðîâíè èõ èíòåãðàöèè........................................................17 2. Î ñîîòíîøåíèè ýâîëþöèè è ñêà÷êîâ â ðàçâèòèè........20 3. Êðèòè÷åñêèå óðîâíè â ðàçâèòèè ñëîæíûõ ñèñòå .......22 Òåìà 3. Âîçíèêíîâåíèå ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè è åå ïðåäìåò................................................................................24 1. Âîçíèêíîâåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè.......24 2. Ïðåäìåò ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè......................................28 3. Çàêîíû ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè........................................29 Òåìà 4. Ìåòîä ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè.........................................33 1. Òðóäíîñòè ñîçäàíèÿ ìåòîäà ñîöèàëüíîé ýêîëîãèè......33 2. Ìåòîä, ìåòîäîëîãèÿ, îñíîâíûå ýëåìåíòû íàó÷íîãî ïîçíàíèÿ.............................................................33 3. Ýòàïû íàó÷íîãî ïîçíàíèÿ..............................................35 Òåìà 5. Ìåòîäîëîãèÿ ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé...............................................................................40 1. Ñèñòåìà öåëåâûõ óñòàíîâîê ýêîëîãî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîãî ðàçâèòèÿ...............................40 2. Ïðèíöèïû è êðèòåðèè ïðîöåññà ýêîëîãèçàöèè ðàçâèòèÿ......................................................57 3