Основы языка программирования C++ с применением объектно-ориентированного программирования. Чернышов М.К. - 7 стр.

ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ-
ɦɢ, ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɧɚ-
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ.
     ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɛɴ-
ɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɡɜɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ-ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ-ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨ-
ɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɪɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ,
ɩɟɞɚɥɢ ɝɚɡɚ, ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ, ɪɵɱɚɝ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ) ɢ ɟɦɭ ɧɟ-
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
     Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪ-
ɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɴ-
ɟɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɫɬɚɥ ɹɡɵɤ SmallTalk, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɜɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɥɚɫ-
ɫɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ.
     Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɩɨ ɫ
ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ, ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ, ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚ-
ɥɨɝɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴ-
ɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɧɢ ɤ ɱɟɦɭ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ. ȼ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ ɨɛɴ-
ɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞ-
ɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Visual FoxPro ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɪ-
ɫɢɣ).
     ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ    ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ       ɜ   ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ   ɜɪɟɦɹ    ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɶ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɋɢ++ (ɋ++),
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɜ
ɋɢ++.
     ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ, ɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ. ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ
ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨ-
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