ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
45
suffering, sorrow and desire. The name, Buddha, is title, applied by Bud-
dhists to someone regarded as embodying divine wisdom and virtue. It bas
been given to other religious leaders in Asia.
To help overcome desire and to achieve enlightenment, Buddha
taught an Eightfold Path.
1) Right view is understanding and accepting the reality and origins
of suffering, and the ways leading to the cessation of suffering
2) Right thought is being free from ill-will, cruelty, and untruthful-
ness towards self and others.
3) Right speech is abstaining from lying, tale-bearing, and harsh lan-
guage.
4) Right conduct is abstaining from the taking of life, from stealing,
and from sexual misconduct.
5) Right livelihood is not harming any living thing, and being free
from luxury at the expense of others.
6) Right effort is avoiding and overcoming evil, and promoting und
maintaining good.
7) Right mindfulness is the contemplation of transitoriness of the
body, of one’s own and others' feeling, of the mind, and of phenomena.
8) Right meditation is complete concentration on a single object and
the achievement of purity of thought, free from all hindrances and distrac-
tions and eventually beyond sensation.
11. RAMADAN AND THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
1) During November and December, Muslims around the world observe the
Fast of Ramadan. What do you know about this and other aspects of Is-
lam?
Work in small groups and discuss the questions below.
a. What happens during Ramadan?
b. How did Islam begin?
c. What does the word Islam mean?
d. Who was Mohammed?
e. What is the significance of Mecca?
f. What is the Koran?
g. What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
h. What do Muslims not eat or drink?
i. When and how do Muslims pray?
j. What do Muslims traditionally wear?
46
2) Check your answers and match the questions to the passages. The first
one has been done for you.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
The Five Pillars of Islam are the fundamental principles or duties of the
religion. They must be performed by all Muslims.
_________________________________?
Mohammed was born in Mecca, in what is now Saudi Arabia, in 570AD.
Muslims believe he was the final prophet sent to the earth by God. When
Mohammed was 40 years old, he heard the voice of God while meditating
in a cave. He had been called upon to become God’s messenger and to
spread the word of Islam.
_________________________________?
Before Islam, the Arabic peoples had many different beliefs and gods. Mo-
hammed taught them that there was only one god, Allah in Arabic. This
was not well-received and Mohammed and his fellow-believers were
forced to flee from Mecca to Medina, where they founded the first Muslim
community in the year 622 A.D. After a few years, Mohammed returned to
Mecca, having defeated its army, and from there Islam quickly spread to
many countries. After Mohammed’s death, people disagreed about who
should be their new leader and which path they should follow. Conse-
quently, they split into two main groups, each developing slightly different
traditions and interpretations of the religion. The largest group became
known as the Sunnis and the smaller group became the Shi’as. Today,
about ninety percent of the world’s one-and-a-half billion Muslims are
Sunnis. There are over fifty independent Muslim countries in the world
today, the largest, in terms of population, being Indonesia.
The Five Pillars of Islam
To try to
visit the
holy Ka’ba
in Mecca
at least
once in
your life-
time.
To pray
five
times a
day.
To fast in the
Hours of daylight
during the month
of Ramadan.
To give
Zakat, part
of one’s
personal
wealth, to a
charity
once a year.
To believe
in only one
God and that
Mohammed
was his
prophet.
suffering, sorrow and desire. The name, Buddha, is title, applied by Bud- 2) Check your answers and match the questions to the passages. The first
dhists to someone regarded as embodying divine wisdom and virtue. It bas one has been done for you.
been given to other religious leaders in Asia. What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
To help overcome desire and to achieve enlightenment, Buddha The Five Pillars of Islam are the fundamental principles or duties of the
taught an Eightfold Path. religion. They must be performed by all Muslims.
1) Right view is understanding and accepting the reality and origins _________________________________?
of suffering, and the ways leading to the cessation of suffering Mohammed was born in Mecca, in what is now Saudi Arabia, in 570AD.
2) Right thought is being free from ill-will, cruelty, and untruthful- Muslims believe he was the final prophet sent to the earth by God. When
ness towards self and others. Mohammed was 40 years old, he heard the voice of God while meditating
3) Right speech is abstaining from lying, tale-bearing, and harsh lan- in a cave. He had been called upon to become God’s messenger and to
guage. spread the word of Islam.
4) Right conduct is abstaining from the taking of life, from stealing, _________________________________?
and from sexual misconduct. Before Islam, the Arabic peoples had many different beliefs and gods. Mo-
5) Right livelihood is not harming any living thing, and being free hammed taught them that there was only one god, Allah in Arabic. This
from luxury at the expense of others. was not well-received and Mohammed and his fellow-believers were
6) Right effort is avoiding and overcoming evil, and promoting und forced to flee from Mecca to Medina, where they founded the first Muslim
maintaining good. community in the year 622 A.D. After a few years, Mohammed returned to
7) Right mindfulness is the contemplation of transitoriness of the Mecca, having defeated its army, and from there Islam quickly spread to
body, of one’s own and others' feeling, of the mind, and of phenomena. many countries. After Mohammed’s death, people disagreed about who
8) Right meditation is complete concentration on a single object and should be their new leader and which path they should follow. Conse-
the achievement of purity of thought, free from all hindrances and distrac- quently, they split into two main groups, each developing slightly different
tions and eventually beyond sensation. traditions and interpretations of the religion. The largest group became
known as the Sunnis and the smaller group became the Shi’as. Today,
11. RAMADAN AND THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM about ninety percent of the world’s one-and-a-half billion Muslims are
Sunnis. There are over fifty independent Muslim countries in the world
1) During November and December, Muslims around the world observe the
today, the largest, in terms of population, being Indonesia.
Fast of Ramadan. What do you know about this and other aspects of Is-
lam?
The Five Pillars of Islam
Work in small groups and discuss the questions below.
a. What happens during Ramadan? To try to To pray To fast in the To give To believe
b. How did Islam begin? visit the five Hours of daylight Zakat, part in only one
c. What does the word Islam mean? holy Ka’ba times a during the month of one’s God and that
d. Who was Mohammed? in Mecca day. of Ramadan. personal Mohammed
e. What is the significance of Mecca? at least wealth, to a was his
f. What is the Koran? once in charity prophet.
g. What are the Five Pillars of Islam? your life- once a year.
h. What do Muslims not eat or drink? time.
i. When and how do Muslims pray?
j. What do Muslims traditionally wear?
45 46
Страницы
- « первая
- ‹ предыдущая
- …
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- …
- следующая ›
- последняя »
