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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
They usually use direct speech in writing and not very often in speaking. As for
the latter, they sometimes use be like or go before direct speech, but only in informal
conversational English:
He's like "Are you OK?"
She goes "See you later."
(be like is more common in American English.)
In direct speech they say exactly what was said or thought, using the verbs like
said, thought, remarked, shouted, etc. They use inverted commas round the speech.
They can put the direct speech first (before said, thought, remarked, etc.) If it is
first, they often put the name after the verb:
"Did you get here in a helicopter?" asked Ben.
"I recognize him! He used to be a famous
explained Bella.
But if they use the pronoun, they always put it before the
"You drive and I'll be navigating you," he ordered me.
Indirect speech in the present
When they report what someone is saying or thinking now, they use indirect
speech after says, thinks, hopes, etc. with both clauses in the present tense.
Conjunction that can be used but it is not obligatory.
Avery: Every lead should be taken into account, in the end one of them will help
in investigation. ~ Avery remarks (that) every lead should be taken into account, in
the end one of them will help in investigation.
Ruth: I'm just leaving the party. ~ Ruth says (that) she's just leaving the party.
When they want to report something that someone says about the future, they
used the same tense they have used in the direct speech. (See above-mentioned
example).
They can use verbs that express the feeling of the speaker when they report what
someone has said or thought. For example: hope, feel, be afraid, want, wish, be
curious, etc.
Bella hopes Ruth will be able to go through this operation.
Avery feels his daughter has gone too far in her investigation.
Indirect speech in the past
When they want to report what someone said in the past, they put the tense into
the past. Therefore, they change the present simple to the past simple:
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