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11
Hij_^_e_gb_ ZahlZ
. 1-
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NaOH
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Hij_^_e_gb_ nhknhjZ
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G_cljZebah\Zlv jZkl\hjhf NaOH ih <-^bgbljhn_ghem ^h ihy\e_gby
11 Hij_^_e_gb_ ZahlZ. 1- fe jZkl\hjZ i_j_ghkyl \ f_jgmx dhe[m _fdhklvx fe >ey g_cljZebaZpbb ba[uldZ k_jghc dbkehlu \ wlm dhe[m ijbeb\Zxlklhevdhfbeebebljh\-ghcNaOHkdhevdh[ueh\aylhjZkl\hjZ ^eyhij_^_e_gbyZahlZGZeb\Zxl\dhe[m^bklbeebjh\Zgghc\h^uijbf_jgh fe\a[Zelu\Zxl^h[Z\eyxlfej_Zdlb\ZG_kke_jZ^h\h^ylh[t_f`b^dhklb ^h f_ldb b kgh\Z i_j_f_rb\Zxl Hij_^_e_gb_ ZahlZ ijh\h^yl gZ nhlhwe_dljhdhehjbf_lj_ijbkbg_fk\_lhnbevlj_ H^gh\j_f_ggh]hlh\ylbh[jZaph\mxrdZemBajZ[hq_]hjZkl\hjZ[_jml fe \ dhe[u _fdhklvx fe ijbeb\Zxl fe ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc\h^ufek_]g_lh\hckhebaZl_ffej_Zdlb\ZG_kke_jZ b kh^_j`bfh_ dhe[u ^h\h^yl ^h f_ldb ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc \h^hc b kgh\Z i_j_f_rb\ZxlhklZ\eyxlklhylv\l_q_gb_-fbgbaZl_fkgh\ZkjZ\gb\Zxl hdjZkdm JZa\_^_gb_ hdjZr_gguo jZkl\hjh\ \h^hc g_ ^himkdZ_lky ihwlhfm \ kemqZ_[hevrhcjZagbpu\hdjZkd_hdjZrb\Zgb_fke_^m_lih\lhjblvk^jm]bf [hevrbfbebf_gvrbf h[t_fhfjZkl\hjZ Kh^_j`Zgb_h[s_]hZahlZjZkkqblu\Zxlihnhjfme_ Z ⋅ \ ⋅ ? ⋅ 9 ⋅ f]1 O= = f]1gZ]\_s_kl\Z1 = , (wl ⋅ 9 ⋅ G ]^_ Z – lblj h[jZaph\h]h jZkl\hjZ – f] N \ – h[t_f h[jZaph\h]h jZkl\hjZ hilbq_kdZy iehlghklv dhlhjh]h [ebadZ d bkiulm_fhc ?d – hilbq_kdZy iehlghklv bkiulm_fh]h jZkl\hjZ ?wl – hilbq_kdZy iehlghklv h[jZaph\h]h jZkl\hjZ V1 – h[t_f \uly`db \ayluc gZ hij_^_e_gb_ k mq_lhf jZa[Z\e_gby G – gZ\_kdZ jZklbl_evgh]h \_s_kl\Z \ ] V – h[sbc h[t_f \uly`db–^eyi_j_kq_lugZ]\_s_kl\Z J_Zdlb\uH[jZaph\ucjZkl\hj–]NH4Clihf_sZxl\f_jgmx dhe[m _fdhklvx e jZkl\hjyxl \ g_[hevrhf dhebq_kl\_ ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc \h^u ^h\h^yl jZkl\hj wlhc \h^hc ^h f_ldb i_j_f_rb\Zxl b ihemqZxl aZiZkghc jZkl\hj k kh^_j`Zgb_f f] ZahlZ \ fe JZ[hqbc jZkl\hj k kh^_j`Zgb_ff]N ihemqZxljZa[Z\e_gb_faZiZkgh]hjZkl\hjZ\jZa J_Zdlb\G_kke_jZ Hij_^_e_gb_ nhknhjZ. 2-5- fe jZkl\hjZ i_j_ghkyl \ f_jgmx dhe[m _fdhklvx fe >ey [hevrbgkl\Z ijh[ ^hklZlhqguf y\ey_lky - fe G_cljZebah\Zlv jZkl\hjhf NaOH ih <-^bgbljhn_ghem ^h ihy\e_gby