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15
ωω
+=+=
Fif
EEE
B\khhl\_lkl\bbk\ujZ`_gb_fihemqbf
()
()
1cos
EE4
E
2
FG
2
G
≤≤
+
+
ω
ω
Ihkdhevdm(
F
g_ihkj_^kl\_gghk\yaZghk?
f
khhlghr_gb_flh\
ijbgpbi_ m]eh\Zy aZ\bkbfhklv nhlhwfbkkbb fh`_l ^Zlv ^_lZevgmx
dZjlbgm kljmdlmju wg_j]_lbq_kdbo ahg \ l\_j^hf l_e_ Ijb wlhf
khhlghr_gb_ gZeZ]Z_l h]jZgbq_gb_ gZ qZklhlm d\Zglh\ ω dhlhjufb
h[emqZ_lkyh[jZa_pijbnhlhwfbkkbb
KIHKH;U<HA;M@>?GBYNHLHWE?DLJHGH<
Kh\j_f_ggu_ bklhqgbdb nhlhgh\ bkihevam_fu_ \ nhlhwe_dljhgghc
ki_dljhkdhibb \ gZklhys__ \j_fy \_kvfZ fgh]hh[jZagu ihkdhevdm
i_j_dju\Zxl hq_gv rbjhdbc ^bZiZahg wg_j]bc hl hilbq_kdbo ^h
j_gl]_gh\kdbod\Zglh\
<qZklghklb^ey\ha[m`^_gby\Ze_glguowe_dljhgh\Zlhfh\l\_j^uo
l_e b fhe_dme fh]ml [ulv bkihevah\Zgu nhlhgu k ^hklZlhqgh gbadhc
wg_j]b_c < mevljZnbhe_lh\hc nhlhwe_dljhgghc ki_dljhkdhibbMNWK
ih-Zg]ebckdb UVPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy), bklhqgbdhf
nhlhgh\fh`_lkem`blv]ZahgZiheg_ggZyjZajy^gZyeZfiZgZbg_jlghf]Za_
k ^bnn_j_gpbZevghc gZdZqdhc HgZ ]_g_jbjm_l hl^_evgu_ j_ahgZgkgu_
ebgbb gbadhc wg_j]bb gZijbf_j G_
I
21,2 w< b G_
II
w< c rbjbghc
ihjy^dZg_kdhevdhfbeebwe_dljh\hevlIhkdhevdmlZdhcwg_j]bbo\ZlZ_lgZ
(1.23)
(1.24)
15 (1.23) E f = Ei + ω = E F + ω B\khhl\_lkl\bbk\ujZ`_gb_f ihemqbf (ω + EG )2 ≤ cos 2 ≤ 1 4 E G (ω + E F ) (1.24) Ihkdhevdm(Fg_ihkj_^kl\_gghk\yaZghk?fkhhlghr_gb_f lh\ ijbgpbi_ m]eh\Zy aZ\bkbfhklv nhlhwfbkkbb fh`_l ^Zlv ^_lZevgmx dZjlbgm kljmdlmju wg_j]_lbq_kdbo ahg \ l\_j^hf l_e_ Ijb wlhf khhlghr_gb_ gZeZ]Z_l h]jZgbq_gb_ gZ qZklhlm d\Zglh\ ω dhlhjufb h[emqZ_lkyh[jZa_pijbnhlhwfbkkbb KIHKH;U?GBYNHLHWE?DLJHGH< Kh\j_f_ggu_ bklhqgbdb nhlhgh\ bkihevam_fu_ \ nhlhwe_dljhgghc ki_dljhkdhibb \ gZklhys__ \j_fy \_kvfZ fgh]hh[jZagu ihkdhevdm i_j_dju\Zxl hq_gv rbjhdbc ^bZiZahg wg_j]bc hl hilbq_kdbo ^h j_gl]_gh\kdbod\Zglh\ <qZklghklb^ey\ha[m`^_gby\Ze_glguowe_dljhgh\Zlhfh\l\_j^uo l_e b fhe_dme fh]ml [ulv bkihevah\Zgu nhlhgu k ^hklZlhqgh gbadhc wg_j]b_c < mevljZnbhe_lh\hc nhlhwe_dljhgghc ki_dljhkdhibb MNWK ih-Zg]ebckdb UVPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy), bklhqgbdhf nhlhgh\fh`_lkem`blv]ZahgZiheg_ggZyjZajy^gZyeZfiZgZbg_jlghf]Za_ k ^bnn_j_gpbZevghc gZdZqdhc HgZ ]_g_jbjm_l hl^_evgu_ j_ahgZgkgu_ ebgbb gbadhc wg_j]bb gZijbf_j G_I 21,2 w< b G_II w< c rbjbghc ihjy^dZg_kdhevdhfbeebwe_dljh\hevlIhkdhevdmlZdhcwg_j]bbo\ZlZ_lgZ
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