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3
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]^_Kν - wg_j]by d\ZglZ ?
- wg_j]by k\yab \gmlj_gg_]h beb \Ze_glgh]h
we_dljhgZ \ \_s_kl\_ ?
- dbg_lbq_kdZy wg_j]by we_dljhgZ ihke_ _]h
\uju\Zgbyba\_s_kl\Zl_ihke_nhlhbhgbaZpbb
< aZ\bkbfhklb hl \_ebqbgu wg_j]bb d\ZglZKν \ khhlghr_gbb\
gZklhys__ \j_fy jZaebqZxl kh[kl\_ggh nhlhwe_dljhggmx ki_dljhkdhibx
NWK beb UVPS dh]^Z wg_j]by d\ZglZKν ≥w< khhl\_lkl\m_l h[eZklb
mevljZnbhe_lh\h]hbaemq_gbybj_gl]_ghnhlhwe_dljhggmxki_dljhkdhibx
JNWK beb ;36 dh]^Z wg_j]by d\ZglZKν ~ 10
3
w< khhl\_lkl\m_l
j_gl]_gh\kdhfm baemq_gbx Wlb ^\Z f_lh^Z jZaebqZxsb_ky ih bgl_j\Zem
wg_j]bcd\Zglh\lZd`_kms_kl\_gghjZaebqZxlkyihkihkh[Zf\ha[m`^_gby
nhlhwe_dljhgh\bonhdmkbjh\dbbj_]bkljZpbbZlZd`_ih \hafh`ghklyfb
ijbf_g_gby LZd k ihfhsvx NWK bkke_^mxlky lhevdh \Ze_glgu_ b
km[\Ze_glgu_ we_dljhggu_ ki_dlju Zlhfh\ fhe_dme b l\_j^uo l_e : k
ihfhsvx JNWK djhf_ wlh]h baf_jyxlky _s_ wg_j]bb k\yab \gmlj_ggbo
hklh\guowe_dljhgh\
< gZqZe_-o ]h^h\ m^Zehkv ihemqblv nhlhwe_dljhggu_ ki_dlju
fgh]bowe_f_glh\\ha[m`^_gguoj_gl]_gh\kdbfbemqZfb\ukhdbowg_j]bc
H^gZdh wdki_jbf_glZevgu_ ljm^ghklb h[mkeh\e_ggu_ gbadhc
wnn_dlb\ghklvxnhlh]jZnbq_kdh]hf_lh^Zj_]bkljZpbbkh^ghcklhjhgub
[hevrb_mki_ob\h[eZklbj_gl]_gh\kdhcki_dljhkdhibbk^jm]hcklhjhgu
g_kihkh[kl\h\ZebjZkijhkljZg_gbxgh\h]hf_lh^Z
BlhevdhDZcAb][Zg - ijhn_kkhjr\_^kdh]hmgb\_jkbl_lZ]MikZeZ\
dhgp_-o ]h^h\ ^hklb] hq_gv \ukhdhc lhqghklb ijb j_]bkljZpbb
nhlhwe_dljhgh\kbkihevah\Zgb_fj_gl]_gh\kdh]h\ha[m`^_gby<]gZ
ki_pbZevgh ihkljh_gghf we_dljhgghf ki_dljhf_lj_ k \ukhdhc
jZaj_rZxs_c kihkh[ghklvx [ue ihemq_g i_j\uc j_gl]_gh\kdbc
(*)
3 hν =?k\?dbg, (*) ]^_ Kν - wg_j]by d\ZglZ ?k\ - wg_j]by k\yab \gmlj_gg_]h beb \Ze_glgh]h we_dljhgZ \ \_s_kl\_ ?dbg - dbg_lbq_kdZy wg_j]by we_dljhgZ ihke_ _]h \uju\Zgbyba\_s_kl\Zl_ihke_nhlhbhgbaZpbb < aZ\bkbfhklb hl \_ebqbgu wg_j]bb d\ZglZ Kν \ khhlghr_gbb \ gZklhys__ \j_fy jZaebqZxl kh[kl\_ggh nhlhwe_dljhggmx ki_dljhkdhibx NWK beb UVPS dh]^Z wg_j]by d\ZglZ Kν ≥w< khhl\_lkl\m_l h[eZklb mevljZnbhe_lh\h]hbaemq_gbybj_gl]_ghnhlhwe_dljhggmxki_dljhkdhibx JNWK beb ;36 dh]^Z wg_j]by d\ZglZ Kν ~ 103 w< khhl\_lkl\m_l j_gl]_gh\kdhfm baemq_gbx Wlb ^\Z f_lh^Z jZaebqZxsb_ky ih bgl_j\Zem wg_j]bcd\Zglh\lZd`_kms_kl\_gghjZaebqZxlkyihkihkh[Zf\ha[m`^_gby nhlhwe_dljhgh\bonhdmkbjh\dbbj_]bkljZpbbZlZd`_ih\hafh`ghklyfb ijbf_g_gby LZd k ihfhsvx NWK bkke_^mxlky lhevdh \Ze_glgu_ b km[\Ze_glgu_ we_dljhggu_ ki_dlju Zlhfh\ fhe_dme b l\_j^uo l_e : k ihfhsvx JNWK djhf_ wlh]h baf_jyxlky _s_ wg_j]bb k\yab \gmlj_ggbo hklh\guo we_dljhgh\ < gZqZe_ -o ]h^h\ m^Zehkv ihemqblv nhlhwe_dljhggu_ ki_dlju fgh]bowe_f_glh\\ha[m`^_gguoj_gl]_gh\kdbfbemqZfb\ukhdbowg_j]bc H^gZdh wdki_jbf_glZevgu_ ljm^ghklb h[mkeh\e_ggu_ gbadhc wnn_dlb\ghklvxnhlh]jZnbq_kdh]hf_lh^Zj_]bkljZpbbkh^ghcklhjhgub [hevrb_mki_ob\h[eZklbj_gl]_gh\kdhcki_dljhkdhibbk^jm]hcklhjhgu g_kihkh[kl\h\ZebjZkijhkljZg_gbxgh\h]hf_lh^Z BlhevdhDZcAb][Zg - ijhn_kkhjr\_^kdh]hmgb\_jkbl_lZ]MikZeZ\ dhgp_ -o ]h^h\ ^hklb] hq_gv \ukhdhc lhqghklb ijb j_]bkljZpbb nhlhwe_dljhgh\kbkihevah\Zgb_fj_gl]_gh\kdh]h\ha[m`^_gby<]gZ ki_pbZevgh ihkljh_gghf we_dljhgghf ki_dljhf_lj_ k \ukhdhc jZaj_rZxs_c kihkh[ghklvx [ue ihemq_g i_j\uc j_gl]_gh\kdbc