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g. discovery 7.special quality that belongs to something
4. Arrange the following sentences according to the logic of the
process of melting described in the text.
1. It is often discussed who is the first to discover a new
element, and thallium was no exception.
2. Thallium didn’t belong to the sulphur family because of
the physical and chemical properties.
3. Professor A. Lamy was the first to discover a new
element.
4. Lead and thallium stand near each other in the atomic
table.
5. Investigations show that thallium doesn’t alloy with zinc.
5. Discuss with your partner:
1. Why is it difficult to be a discoverer of a new metal?
2. What do you think will happen when the world runs out of
metals?
Text V.
I. Read the text using the words from the list:
Vocabulary list:
1. coincide(v) совпадать
2. advent(n) приход, появление
3. inflexible(atr) негибкий
4. advance(n) успех, прогресс
5. occur(v) происходить
6. influence(v) оказывать влияние на
7. versatile(atr) гибкий
8. sets of computer instructions программы компьютера
9. precision(n) точность
FOUR INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS
The history of mechanical engineering goes back to the time
when the man first tried to make machines. We can call the
earlier rollers, levers and pulleys, for example, the work of
mechanical engineering.
Mechanical engineering, as we understand it today, starts
from the first Industrial Revolution.
People have labeled as "revolutions" three episodes in the
industrial history of the world and now we are entering the
fourth.
The first industrial revolution took place in England between
1760 an 1840. Metal became the main material of the engineer
instead of wood, and steam gave man great reserves of power.
This power could drive not only railway engines and ships but
also the machines which built them.
In the second revolution, from 1880 to 1920, electricity was
the technical driving force. It provided power for factories that
was easier and cheaper to control than steam. It was marked also
by the growing importance of science-based industries such as
chemicals and electrical goods, and the use of
scientifically-designed production methods such as
semi-automatic assembly lines.
The third industrial revolution coincided with the advent of
automation — in its inflexible form. In this revolution, the main
features were advances in the control of manufacturing
processes so that things could be made more cheaply, with
greater precision and (often) with fewer people. And this change
which occurred around the middle of this century, also featured
a new machine that was to greatly influence the world, the
electronic computer.
What is the fourth industrial revolution?
g. discovery 7.special quality that belongs to something 8. sets of computer instructions программы компьютера
9. precision(n) точность
4. Arrange the following sentences according to the logic of the
process of melting described in the text. FOUR INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS
1. It is often discussed who is the first to discover a new The history of mechanical engineering goes back to the time
element, and thallium was no exception. when the man first tried to make machines. We can call the
2. Thallium didn’t belong to the sulphur family because of earlier rollers, levers and pulleys, for example, the work of
the physical and chemical properties. mechanical engineering.
3. Professor A. Lamy was the first to discover a new Mechanical engineering, as we understand it today, starts
element. from the first Industrial Revolution.
4. Lead and thallium stand near each other in the atomic People have labeled as "revolutions" three episodes in the
table. industrial history of the world and now we are entering the
5. Investigations show that thallium doesn’t alloy with zinc. fourth.
The first industrial revolution took place in England between
5. Discuss with your partner: 1760 an 1840. Metal became the main material of the engineer
instead of wood, and steam gave man great reserves of power.
1. Why is it difficult to be a discoverer of a new metal? This power could drive not only railway engines and ships but
2. What do you think will happen when the world runs out of also the machines which built them.
metals? In the second revolution, from 1880 to 1920, electricity was
the technical driving force. It provided power for factories that
was easier and cheaper to control than steam. It was marked also
Text V. by the growing importance of science-based industries such as
chemicals and electrical goods, and the use of
I. Read the text using the words from the list: scientifically-designed production methods such as
semi-automatic assembly lines.
Vocabulary list: The third industrial revolution coincided with the advent of
automation — in its inflexible form. In this revolution, the main
1. coincide(v) совпадать features were advances in the control of manufacturing
2. advent(n) приход, появление processes so that things could be made more cheaply, with
3. inflexible(atr) негибкий greater precision and (often) with fewer people. And this change
4. advance(n) успех, прогресс which occurred around the middle of this century, also featured
5. occur(v) происходить a new machine that was to greatly influence the world, the
6. influence(v) оказывать влияние на electronic computer.
7. versatile(atr) гибкий What is the fourth industrial revolution?
