# Welcome to the computer world. Practice materials for 1st year students. Еранина Т.И - 39 стр.

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39
Task 6. Fill in the gaps using the words below:
1) You access the information through one interface or tool called a ...
2) People connected to the WWW through the local ... have access to a
variety of information.
3) The user doesn't need to know where the site is, the ... follows the...
4) In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the...
5) Each ... provides a graphical interface.
6) Local ... charge money for their services to access ... resources.
Babbage's Analytical Engine
In 1832, an English inventor and mathematician Charles
Babbage was commissioned by the British government to develop a
system for calculating the rise and fall of the tides.
Babbage designed a device and called it an analytical engine.
It was the first programmable computer, complete with punched cards for
data input. Babbage gave the engine the ability to perform different
types of mathematical operations. The machine was not confined to
"memory", due to which the machine could use different combinations
and sequences of operations to suit the purposes of the operator.
The machine of his dream was never realized in his life. Yet
Babbage's idea didn't die with him. Other scientists made attempts to
build mechanical, general-purpose, stored-program computers
throughout the next century. In 1941 a relay computer was built in
Germany by Conrad Zuse. It was a major step toward the realization of
Babbage's dream.
The Mark I Computer (1937-1944)
In 1944 in the United States, International Business Ma-
chines (IBM) built a machine in cooperation with scientists working at
Harvard University under the direction of Prof. Aik-en. The machine,
called Mark I Automatic Sequence-Controlled Calculator, was built to
perform calculations for the Manhattan Project, which led to the
development of atomic bomb. It was the largest electromechanical
calculator ever built. It used over 3000 electrically actuated switches to
control its operations. Although its operations were not controlled elec-
                                        39

Task 6. Fill in the gaps using the words below:

1) You access the information through one interface or tool called a ...
2) People connected to the WWW through the local ... have access to a
variety of information.
3) The user doesn't need to know where the site is, the ... follows the...
4) In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the...
5) Each ... provides a graphical interface.
6) Local ... charge money for their services to access ... resources.

Babbage's Analytical Engine

In 1832, an English inventor and mathematician Charles
Babbage was commissioned by the British government to develop a
system for calculating the rise and fall of the tides.
Babbage designed a device and called it an analytical engine.
It was the first programmable computer, complete with punched cards for
data input. Babbage gave the engine the ability to perform different
types of mathematical operations. The machine was not confined to
"memory", due to which the machine could use different combinations
and sequences of operations to suit the purposes of the operator.
The machine of his dream was never realized in his life. Yet
Babbage's idea didn't die with him. Other scientists made attempts to
build mechanical, general-purpose, stored-program computers
throughout the next century. In 1941 a relay computer was built in
Germany by Conrad Zuse. It was a major step toward the realization of
Babbage's dream.

The Mark I Computer (1937-1944)

In 1944 in the United States, International Business Ma-
chines (IBM) built a machine in cooperation with scientists working at
Harvard University under the direction of Prof. Aik-en. The machine,
called Mark I Automatic Sequence-Controlled Calculator, was built to
perform calculations for the Manhattan Project, which led to the
development of atomic bomb. It was the largest electromechanical
calculator ever built. It used over 3000 electrically actuated switches to
control its operations. Although its operations were not controlled elec-