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234
KEY ANSWERS
er, it wasn’t an ordinary cat at all…I mean, you’ll never
believe what it was…’
Comments:
Where/How shall I start/begin? This is a very com
mon marker at the beginning of a story or monologue whole
the speaker is composing his/her thoughts.
Anyway is probably the most common marker in spo
ken storytelling to divide up the story into its different
stages (introduction/main plot/resolution, etc.)
See is often used in informal talk instead of you see,
when someone is clarifying or explaining something.
Like is often used when the speaker hesitates, or to
make something less precise, a little more vague.
Where was I? is used when we want to come back to
the main subject we were talking about after an interruption
or diversion onto another point or topic.
Yes is often used when we resume what we were talk
ing about; it doesn’t have to be an answer to a question
from someone. No is also used in exactly the same way
and could have been used here instead of yes.
Or rather is used when you change to a different word
or a better/more accurate way of saying what you want
to say.
I mean is used when you want to explain something or
expand or illustrate what you are saying.
This extract is typical of the number of markers found
in everyday informal talk. The speaker is not a ‘lazy’ or
‘bad’ speaker; everyone uses markers, even if they are
not conscious of it or do not want to admit it! Informal
conversation without markers sounds rather odd and
strained, and a little too formal.
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