Компьютерная техника. Еремина Н.В. - 44 стр.

      BESM was conceived by S. A. Lebedev to be a model of a Big Electronic
Computing Machine (BESM). At first it was called the Model of the Big Electronic
Computing Machine, but, later, in the process of its creation there appeared the
evident expediency of transforming it in a small computer.




       The Main Fault of the 70S
       or the Years of "Might-Have-Been Hopes"

       The great accumulated experience in creating computers, the profound
comparison of our domestic achievements with the new examples of foreign
computer technique prompted the scientists that it is possible to create the computing
means of new generation meeting the world standards. Of that opinion were many
outstanding Ukrainian scientists of that time - Lebedev, Dorodnitsin, Glushkov and
others. They proceeded from quite a favorable situation in the country.
     The computerization of national economy was considered as one of the most
essential tasks. The decision to create the United system of computers - the machines
of new generation on integrals.
     The USA were the first to create the families of computers. In 1963-64 the IBM
Company worked out the IBM-360 system. It comprised the models with different
capacities for which a wide range of software was created.
  A decision concerning the third generation of computers (their structure and architecture) was to
be made in the USSR in the late 60s.
     But instead of making the decision based on the scientific grounds concerning
the future of the United system of computers the Ministry of Electronic Industry
issued the administrative order to copy the IBM-360 system. The leaders of the
Ministry did not take into consideration the opinion of the leading scientists of the
country.
     Despite the fact that there were enough grounds for thinking the 70s would bring
new big progresses, those years were the step back due to the fault way dictated by
the highest authorities from above.


       The Comparison of the Computer Development in the USA and Russia.

      At the time when the computer science was just uprising this two countries
were one of the most noticeably influential. There were a tot of talented scientists and
inventors in both of them. But the situation in Ukraine (which at that time was one of
15 Republics of the former USSR) was complicated, on one hand, with the
consequences of the Second World War and, on the other hand, at a certain period
Cybernetics and Computer Science were not acknowledged. Of cause, later it went to