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Easily detectable nonzero excess (non-ideal) densities for wa-
ter cuts from 0.4 to 0.6 were regarded as indicative of formation of
a dense asphaltene-mediated “middle phase” with an apparent bi-
continuous morphology. Fig. 12 shows T–C contours of equal excess
(non-ideal) density for four representative w/o dispersions. The
shapes of excess density “phase domains” strongly resemble bicon-
tinuous domains of T–C phase diagram for association nanocolloids
in Fig. 3.
Of an immediate practical importance is a substantial in-
crease of de-emulsification efficiency (inverse time of the onset of
free phase separation) in w/o emulsions with “nanoresembling”
morphologies. Fig. 13 shows improved microwave demulsification
at specific water cuts attributed to “percolation” and “bicontinuous”
phenomena (cf. Fig. 10).
What May be Regarded as a Petroleum-Oriented Nanotechnology
for Reservoir Engineering?
Our opinion is that the term “nanotechnology” may be used for any
industrial operations which are designed and performed with an
understanding of importance of the above discussed complex nano-
phase diagrams of petroleum fluids. Such technology should in-
clude specifically designed processes (employ specifically selected
parameters) to purposely avoid/instigate particular phase trans-
formations in petroleum nanocolloids in order to improve (or, at
least, not to ruin) the practically important bulk properties of pe-
troleum.
E. g., any lengthy operations in the vicinity of the tempera-
ture-defined phase boundary “A” (cf. Fig. 5) should be avoided in
view of undesirable increase of viscosity and pour point (cf. Fig. 9),
as well as of deposition (cf. Fig. 10) at lower temperatures. On the
other hand, intentional storage of petroleum at this phase bound-
ary may be employed to facilitate increased stratification of petro-
leum light/heavy components (cf. Fig. 9). Hypothetically, mechani-
cal removal of some strata may constitute a low-cost method of im-
proving oil quality.
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