Знакомство с эволюционной генетикой. Гаевский Н.А. - 10 стр.

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ВУЗ: 

СФУ | Красноярск

Составители: 

• Гаевский Н.А.

Рубрика: 

• Основы генетики

19

Ijb ^b]b[jb^ghf kdj_sb\Zgbb h[jZam_lky q_luj_ lbiZ ]Zf_l$%

Ab), (aB),

(

DE?kebh[hagZqblvqZklhlu ]Zf_l dZd

h(AB), i(Ab), j(

D%b

k(

DElh ijb kemqZcghf

khq_lZgbbZee_e_c^he`gu\uihegylvkyke_^mxsb_jZ\_gkl\Z

h = pr, i = ps, j = qr, k = qs . (18)

<wlhfkemqZ_ijhba\_^_gbyqZklhl]Zf_l:

B)

•

(

ZEb

Ab)

•

(

D%jZ\gu^jm]^jm]m

hk =

LMlZddZdh[Zhij_^_eyxlky\_ebqbghcSTUVMdZaZggh_jZ\_gkl\hhljZ`Z_lkh]eZ-

kh\Zggh_ ihhij_^_e_gbx X: Nbebiq_gdhdhgdhj^Zglgh_ khhlghr_gb_ qZklhl ]Z-

f_l

IjbgylhkqblZlvqlh]Zf_lu:<bZEgZoh^ylky\khklhygbbijbly`_gbyZ]Z-

f_lu:E bZ<\khklhygbb hllZedb\Zgby<hlkmlkl\b_jZ\gh\_kby hk ≠ LMbf_jhc

g_jZ\gh\_kghklbkem`bl\_ebqbgZdjZ\gZy

GKNLM=− (19)

JZkkfhljbfihimeypbxkh^_j`Zsmx\bkoh^ghfihdhe_gbblhevdh]_l_jhab]hlu

:Z<EHgbh[jZamxl\k_ q_luj_lbiZ]Zf_l qZklhlu dhlhjuoijb hlkmlkl\bbkp_ie_-

gbyh^bgZdh\ubkhklZ\eyxl<_ebqbgZd <j_amevlZl_kemqZcgh]hh[t_^bg_-

gby]Zf_l\hagbdg_l]_ghlbih\kh ke_^mxsbfbqZklhlZfb m]_ghlbih\::<<

::bb, ZZ<<ZZEEm::<E:Z<<::EEZZ<Ebm:Z<E<ke_^mxs_f

ihdhe_gbb ]Zf_lu [m^ml\hkijhba\_^_guk jZ\ghc\_jhylghklvx bbo qZklhlu \gh\v

khklZ\ylZbokemqZcgh_h[t_^bg_gb_^Zkll_`_qZklhlu]_ghlbih\Ke_^h\Zl_ev-

gh \ wlhf kemqZ_ jZ\gh\_kgu_ qZklhlu ]_ghlbih\ ^hklb]Zxlky \ i_j\hf ihdhe_gbb

\hagbdr_f\j_amevlZl_kemqZcgh]hkdj_sb\Zgby

>jm]ZykblmZpby\hagbdZ_ldh]^Zihimeypbyij_^klZ\e_gZhkh[yfbk]_ghlbiZfb

::<<bZZEE\khhlghr_gbbHgbh[jZamxllhevdh^\Z\b^Z]Zf_l:<b ZE k

qZklhlZfbb<_ebqbgZd   bf__lfZdkbfZevgh_agZq_gb_ IjbkemqZcghf

khq_lZgbb]Zf_l\h\lhjhfihdhe_gbb\hagbdg_llhevdhljb\ZjbZglZ]_ghlbih\kqZk-

lhlZfb::<<:Z<b (0.5), ZZEENhg^]Zf_l\wlhfihdhe_gbbij_^klZ\-

e_g ke_^mxsbfb qZklhlZfb  :<  :b, 1/8 Z< bZE <_ebqbgZ d   <

lj_lv_fihdhe_gbbihy\eyxlky\k_^_\ylv\ZjbZglh\]_ghlbih\h[jZamxsbo]Zf_luk

qZklhlZfb:<:b, 3/16 Z<ZE<_ebqbgZd LZdbfh[jZahfhl

ihdhe_gbydihdhe_gbxm\_ebqb\ZxlkyqZklhlui_j\hgZqZevghhlkmlkl\h\Z\rbo]Zf_l

:E b Z< b ijhihjpbhgZevghkgb`Z_lky qZklhlZ ]Zf_l :< b ZE <_ebqbgZ d \ dZ`^hf

ihke_^mxs_fihdhe_gbbmf_gvrZ_lky\jZaZIhdhe_gb_\dhlhjhf\_ebqbgZd

n

g_

[m^_l^hklh\_jghhlebqZlvkyhlgmeyfh`ghkqblZlvjZ\gh\_kguf

20

Mf_gvr_gb_ \_ebqbgu d \jZaZ \ dZ`^hf ke_^mxs_f ihdhe_gbb kijZ\_^eb\h

lhevdh^eyg_kp_ie_gguoehdmkh\dh]^ZqZklhlZj_dhf[bgZpbbkfZdkbfZevgZbjZ\gZ

>eykp_ie_gguoehdmkh\qZklhlZj_dhf[bgZpbbkbijb[eb`_gb_djZ\gh\_-

kbxijhbkoh^blf_^e_gg__

Kmq_lhfkdZaZggh]hh[sbc\b^\ujZ`_gby^eyhij_^_e_gbyagZq_gbyd\iih-

dhe_gbb bf__l\b^

GG F

+

=×−



(20)

Fh`ghlZd`_hij_^_eblvdZdhc[m^_l\_ebqbgZd\ihdhe_gbbn, _keb\bkoh^ghfih-

dhe_gbbhgZkhklZ\beZd

0

:

GG F

=×− (21)

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jhfijhba\_^_gbyqZklhl]Zf_l\nZa_ijbly`_gbyb\nZa_hllZedb\Zgbyh^bgZdh\u\

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gh\_ZgZebaZqZklhlihebnZdlhjbZevguo]_ghlbih\

AZf_lbfqlhbkoh^gu_mkeh\byijbdhlhjuo\ihimeypbbijbkmlkl\h\Zeblhevdh

]Zf_lu\nZa_ijbly`_gby\u[jZguijhba\hevgh>eyh[s_]hkemqZydh]^Zlj_[m_lky

hp_gdZ jZ\gh\_kghklb ihimeypbb m^h[gh bkihevah\Zlv Ze]hjblf hkgh\Zgguc gZ aZ-

iheg_gbbfZljbpuqZklhl[bnZdlhjbZevguo]_ghlbih\>@

$$%% $$%E $$EE

$D%% $D%E $DEE

DD%% DD%E DDEE

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qZklhlu]_ghlbih\aZibkZgguo\e_\hcfZljbp_

QZklhlu ]_ghlbih\ ih ehdmkm : gZoh^yl kmffbjmy qZklhlu ]_ghlbih\ ih kljh-

dZf

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p(Aa) = z

21

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.

KmffbjmyqZklhlu]_ghlbih\ihklhe[pZfgZoh^ylkhhl\_lkl\mxsb_qZklhlu]_-

ghlbih\ihehdmkm%p(BB), p(Bb), p(EEGZhkgh\Zgbbihemq_gguoqZklhlfhghnZd-

lhjbZevguo]_ghlbih\ihmjZ\g_gbxfh`ghhij_^_eblvqZklhludZ`^h]hbaq_lu-

j_oZee_e_c- p, q, r, s<iZgfbdlbq_kdhcihimeypbbg_ih^\_j`_gghc^_ckl\bxw\h-

expbhgguonZdlhjh\ qZklhlug_ baf_gyxlkyb jZ\gh\_kgu_qZklhlu [bnZdlhjbZev-

guo]_ghlbih\gZoh^ylihmjZ\g_gbx

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