Знакомство с эволюционной генетикой. Гаевский Н.А. - 4 стр.

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ВУЗ: 

СФУ | Красноярск

Составители: 

• Гаевский Н.А.

Рубрика: 

• Основы генетики

7

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ijZ\behfqlh]_g_lbq_kdZybaf_gqb\hklv\ijbjh^guoihimeypbyogZfgh]h\ur_q_f

fh`gh aZdexqblv ba ijhkluo gZ[ex^_gbc gZ^ bo fhjnheh]bq_kdhc baf_gqb\hklvx

>ey\uy\e_gby]_g_lbq_kdhcbaf_gqb\hklbjZajZ[hlZgubijbf_gyxlkyjZaghh[jZagu_

f_lh^uhkgh\Zggu_gZZgZeba_j_amevlZlh\bg[jb^bg]Z[ebadhjh^kl\_ggh_kdj_sb-

\Zgb_hj]Zgbafh\we_dljhnhj_aZbffmgheh]bbb^j

Ihebfhjnghklv

=_g_lbq_kdh_jZaghh[jZab_hkh[_c\lhcbebbghcihimeypbbaZ\bkbldZdhlqbk-

eZZee_e_c \hl^_evghfehdmk_lZdbhl^hebqZklhluihebfhjnguoehdmkh\Ehdmk

kqblZxlihebfhjnguf_kebqbkeh\ZjbZglh\\oh^ysbo\g_]hZee_e_cn ≥>heyih-

ebfhjnguo ehdmkh\ y\ey_lky h^ghc ba oZjZdl_jbklbd ihimeypbb gZau\Z_fhc iheb-

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polimorphyzm).

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fhjnghklb km^ylgZhkgh\_ bamq_gby\u[hjhqgh]h g_\k_]^Z q_ldh hij_^_e_ggh]hgZ-

[hjZehdmkh\IhemqZ_fu_ijb wlhf hp_ghqgu_\_ebqbguiZjZf_ljZJ^hklZlhqgh\Z-

jbZ[_evgu>Z`_ijbkljh]hf kh\iZ^_gbbZgZebabjm_fh]hgZ[hjZehdmkh\\_ebqbgZJ

g_klZ[bebabjm_lkyIjbqbgZjZaebqbc\hp_gd_Jfh`_lkdju\Zlvky\gbadhcqZklhl_

h^gh]hbebg_kdhevdbo Zee_e_c \ehdmk_IjbwlhfiZ^Z_l\_jhylghklvh[gZjm`_gby

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guflhevdhlh]^Zdh]^ZqZklhlZgZb[he__jZkijhkljZg_ggh]hZee_eywlh]hehdmkZg_

ij_\urZ_laZ^Zggh]hij_^_eZh[uqgh

Ke_^m_l h[jZlblv \gbfZgb_ gZ lh qlh ihebfhjnghklv ebrv hlqZklb hljZ`Z_l

]_g_lbq_kdh_ jZaghh[jZab_ hkh[_c\ihimeypbb< jZ\ghckl_i_gb ihebfhjnguf hdZ-

au\Z_lkyehdmkk^\mfybiylvxZee_eyfbBwlh\kblmZpbbijbdhlhjhckh]eZkghk^_-

8

eZgghfm\ur_\u\h^mqbkeh\ZjbZglh\]_ghlbih\ijh]j_kkb\gh\hajZklZ_lkm\_ebq_

-

gb_fqbkeZZee_e_c

=_l_jhab]hlghklv

>jm]hc f_jhc ]_g_lbq_kdhc baf_gqb\hklb kem`bl qZklhlZ \klj_qZ_fhklb beb

^hey]_l_jhab]hl\ihimeypbbJZkq_l\_ebqbgu]_l_jhab]hlghklbGihimeypbbijh\h-

^yl\^\Zijb_fZKgZqZeZihdZ`^hfmba\u[jZgguo^eyZgZebaZehdmkh\hij_^_eyxl

qZklhlu]_l_jhab]hlguohkh[_cH

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ZaZl_fihemq_ggu_agZq_gbymkj_^gyxlihdhebq_-

kl\m1bamq_gguoehdmkh\\dexqZydZdihebfhjngu_lZdbfhghfhjngu_

H

H

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(4)

>hihegbl_evguc bgl_j_k fh`_l ij_^klZ\eylv kj_^gyy ]_l_jhab]hlghklv kj_^b

ihebfhjnguoehdmkh\ N

p

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(5)

H[gZjm`_gbx ]_l_jhab]hl gZ hkgh\_ ZgZebaZ n_ghlbih\ f_rZ_l kihkh[ghklv

h^gh]hZee_ey^hfbgbjh\ZlvgZ^^jm]bfKms_kl\m_lijb_fhp_gdbh`b^Z_fhc]_l_jh-

ab]hlghklbG

gZhkgh\_l_hj_lbq_kdboij_^ihkuehdihimeypbhgghc]_g_lbdb<_-

ebqbgmG

dhgdj_lgh]h ehdmkZhij_^_eyxl ih qZklhlZf_]h Zee_e_c ?keb \ ehdmk_

fh]mlijbkmlkl\h\ZlviZju khklZ\e_ggu_ ban Zee_e_c kqZklhlZfbI

1

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2

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n

  lh

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-

gbyOZj^b<Zcg[_j]ZqZklhlu]hfhab]hl\ihimeypbbjZ\gud\Z^jZlZfqZklhlZee_e_c

(f

1

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2

, (f

2

)

2

, (f

3

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2

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n

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2

 LZd dZd kmffZ qZklhl ]hfh b ]_l_jhab]hlguo ]_ghlbih\ jZ\gZ

_^bgbp_h`b^Z_fZy]_l_jhab]hlghklvihwlhfmehdmkm[m^_ljZ\gZ

G

= 1 - [(f

1

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2

+ (f

2

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2

+ (f

3

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2

+..+ (f

n

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2

] . (6)

Kj_^gxxh`b^Z_fmx]_l_jhab]hlghklvihimeypbbih\k_fbamq_ggufehdmkZfeb[hih

]jmii_ihebfhjnguo ehdmkh\ gZoh^yl ZgZeh]bqgh kj_^g_c gZ[ex^Z_fhc ]_l_jhab]hl-

ghklbmjZ\g_gbyb

Hij_^_ebfdZdaZ\bkblG

h^gh]hehdmkZhlqbkeZZee_e_cbhlkhhlghr_gby

boqZklhlG_ljm^ghihdZaZlvqlhfZdkbfZevgZy\_ebqbgZ

max

H [m^_l^hklb]gmlZijb

jZ\_gkl\_qZklhlZee_e_c?kebqbkehZee_e_cjZ\ghQlh]^ZqZklhlZh^gh]hZee_eykh-

klZ\blQ<ujZ`_gb_^ey fZdkbfZevghc h`b^Z_fhc]_l_jhab]hlghklb h^gh]hehdmkZ

kh]eZkgh\ujZ`_gbxbf__l\b^

n

H

1

1

max

−= (7)

FZdkbfZevgZy h`b^Z_fZy ]_l_jhab]hlghklv

max

H  aZ\bkbl hl qbkeZ Zee_e_cQb

ij_^klZ\e_gZ^bkdj_lgufb\_ebqbgZfb\bgl_j\Ze_hl^h

>ey ihebfhjnguo ehdmkh\ dh]^Z qZklhlu [hevrbgkl\Z Zee_e_c g_ ba\_klgu b

lj_[m_lkyhij_^_eblv\_ebqbgmG fh`ghh^gmbaba\_klguoqZklhl k^_eZlvg_aZ-

\bkbfhcbeb³\_^ms_c´baZ^Z\ZlvagZq_gby__qZklhluS\bgl_j\Ze_hl^hImklv

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