Неличные формы глагола. Артикль. Гоголь О.В. - 27 стр.

usually reserved for special weekends for to celebrations at the end of      The members of the jury (choose) by law and sworn (consider) the
the term exams.                                                              facts of a case and decide upon the truth. A jury is composed of aver-
One would gather from the above that America is a nation of heavy            age citizens (select) from the list of voters. Almost any citizen over 21
drinkers and closet alcoholics. Yet, there are many Americans who            can be a juror. This is one of the main ways in which men and women
never touch a drink either for reasons of religion or health. They may       take part in the government. A juror receives notice through the mail
even detest the smell of beer and the taste of liquor and may refuse         that he or she has been chosen for jury duty and it is his or her respon-
(serve) it even to guests who visit in their home. In the nation’s history   sibility (accept) and appear on a jury. Jurors are called for (vary) peri-
there was even a period (know) as the Prohibition. This was a time           ods of time according to state law, usually for two weeks. If they are
when liquor laws prevented the (manufacture) and distribution of al-         workers, employers have (excuse) them from their work. There may be
coholic beverages. The temperance movement gained impetus in                 occasions, however, when one may (excuse) because of a specific work
World War I when conservation policies limited liquor output. In 1919        or home situation, but exceptions are not always granted.
the 18th amendment to the Constitution established prohibition. At that      At a trial, the jury listens to both the defense and the prosecution. They
time back in the 1930’s the manufacturing and (sell) of alcohol was          hear the testimony of witnesses and the arguments of lawyers on both
strictly forbidden by law. What alcohol was produced was done so ille-       sides of the case. They are presented with evidence, either concrete or
gally and was in the hands of (organize) crime. It was difficult (en-        circumstantial, and the judge (preside) over the case gives them final
force) and in 1933 prohibition was repealed by the 21st amendment.           directions (follow) in (help) them (make) a decision. The decision,
Although the law had been repealed the attitude of those who endorsed        however, is completely theirs. Jury verdicts represent the common
it has not. Today there are many federal laws regulating the advertise-      sense judgments of ordinary people. Critics of the system claim that
ment of alcohol. Even TV commercials advertising beer and wine are           clever lawyers often use shrewd psychology (influence) a jury.
prevented from (show) on TV for fear of the negative impact they             When the time comes for them (deliberate) the verdict, they are ush-
might (have) on children.                                                    ered into a (close) room where they decide if the defendant is guilty or
It is also recommended that at a party a host should refuse (offer) alco-    innocent. This is painstaking and may take a long time because a jury’s
hol to anyone who has a heavy (drink) problem, and there are states          decision must be unanimous. All twelve members must be in agree-
where the sales of alcoholic beverages is carefully regulated by local       ment for a verdict to be given. Should one member of the jury persist
governments. In many states liquor stores are required (close) on Sun-       and refuse (go along) with the other eleven, the situation is called a
day which is considered the Lord’s Day.                                      hung jury. At this point a new jury might have (select) and the entire
                                                                             process repeated. Recently, however, some states allow majority ver-
TEXT SIXTEEN                     THE AMERICAN JURY SYSTEM                    dicts in some cases, since unanimous decisions can become difficult
                                                                             and troublesome. The jury system has its merits and demerits, and there
One of the features of the American Justice system is the concept of a       are those who oppose it while others are its staunch defenders. The bot-
jury. In America a jury is usually a group of twelve men and women           tom line in the argument is whether or not a man should (judge) by his
who preside at a trial and determine the innocence or guilt of the per-      own peers who themselves share equal limitations and inherent preju-
son on trial. In common law it is a group of laymen (summon) (study)         dices. Some legal experts do not believe that they system works well
the evidence and determine the facts in a dispute tried in a court of law.   and in many cases juries are being used less and less. Some feel that
The 6th and 7th amendment to the Constitution provides for a jury trial      the jury often takes too much time (decide) a case or the jurors them-
in most criminal cases. The use of the jury system is an important pro-      selves are not totally objective. True judgment, some believe, belongs
tection against judicial tyranny and represents the voice of the people.     only in the hands of those who have studied all the nuances of the law

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