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29
convent)
molest, v (= bother, annoy)
deaf-mute, adj (= dumb and deaf)
threadbare, adj (= shabby)
rivalry, n (= competition)
feud, n (e.g. family feud, personal feud,
blood feud)
roam, v (= wander)
torment, v (= torture, tantalize)
tormentor, n
pack, n (e.g. a pack of starved hunting
dogs, a wolf pack)
scoundrel, n (= rascal; e.g. a gang of
young scoundrels)
rape, n (v)
confession, n (e.g. to do a public
confession of smb’s sins)
coronation, n
devote, v (adj)
devoted, adj (= faithful)
khanate, n (e.g. the Khanates of Kazan
and Astrakhan)
fever, n (e.g. high fever, yellow fever; to
come down with a fever)
to swear an oath of allegiance
treachery, n (= treason, betrayal)
to do smth in full view of smb
to rage at (against) smb
exile, n (v) (e.g. to send smb into exile; to
live in exile)
fit, n (e.g. a fit of temper, a fit of nerves,
hysterical fit, a fit of coughing, etc)
measures, etc)
retail trade
bureaucracy, n
apanage system
purge, n (v)
strangle, v
flog, v
staff, n (e.g. Ivan used to carry a metal-
pointed (iron-tipped) staff with him.)
sack, v (=plunder; e.g. to sack a city)
mutilate, v
impale, v (The king used to impale his
prisoners on sharp sticks and place them
in public view.)
massacre, n (v) (= kill, slaughter)
mercenary, n
plague, n
homage, n (e.g. to pay homage to smb)
banish, v
hereditary landowner
service tenure
adhere, v (adherent, n)
haughty, adj (e.g. haughty landlords)
defy, v (defiant, adj; defiance, n)
succumb, v (e.g. to succumb to a wound,
to a disease)
mercury, n
law code
treasury, n
proliferate, v
turmoil, n
desolation, n
Questions for discussion
Comment on the following:
1. At the beginning of the chapter Ivan’s reign is called “great”, whereas at the
end it is blamed for leaving the country in a state of extreme confusion and disorder.
Are these statements as contradictory as they seem at first sight? How can you
reconcile them? What generally makes a monarch “great”?
2. What factors built up Ivan’s personality? Was his behaviour and policy
anyhow similar to that of other European leaders of the time?
3. Can we justify the Oprichnina?
4. In your opinion, was Ivan more a monstrous madman or a skillful political
manipulator? Give specific reasons to support your answer.
29 convent) measures, etc) molest, v (= bother, annoy) retail trade deaf-mute, adj (= dumb and deaf) bureaucracy, n threadbare, adj (= shabby) apanage system rivalry, n (= competition) purge, n (v) feud, n (e.g. family feud, personal feud, strangle, v blood feud) flog, v roam, v (= wander) staff, n (e.g. Ivan used to carry a metal- torment, v (= torture, tantalize) pointed (iron-tipped) staff with him.) tormentor, n sack, v (=plunder; e.g. to sack a city) pack, n (e.g. a pack of starved hunting mutilate, v dogs, a wolf pack) impale, v (The king used to impale his scoundrel, n (= rascal; e.g. a gang of prisoners on sharp sticks and place them young scoundrels) in public view.) rape, n (v) massacre, n (v) (= kill, slaughter) confession, n (e.g. to do a public mercenary, n confession of smb’s sins) plague, n coronation, n homage, n (e.g. to pay homage to smb) devote, v (adj) banish, v devoted, adj (= faithful) hereditary landowner khanate, n (e.g. the Khanates of Kazan service tenure and Astrakhan) adhere, v (adherent, n) fever, n (e.g. high fever, yellow fever; to haughty, adj (e.g. haughty landlords) come down with a fever) defy, v (defiant, adj; defiance, n) to swear an oath of allegiance succumb, v (e.g. to succumb to a wound, treachery, n (= treason, betrayal) to a disease) to do smth in full view of smb mercury, n to rage at (against) smb law code exile, n (v) (e.g. to send smb into exile; to treasury, n live in exile) proliferate, v fit, n (e.g. a fit of temper, a fit of nerves, turmoil, n hysterical fit, a fit of coughing, etc) desolation, n Questions for discussion Comment on the following: 1. At the beginning of the chapter Ivan’s reign is called “great”, whereas at the end it is blamed for leaving the country in a state of extreme confusion and disorder. Are these statements as contradictory as they seem at first sight? How can you reconcile them? What generally makes a monarch “great”? 2. What factors built up Ivan’s personality? Was his behaviour and policy anyhow similar to that of other European leaders of the time? 3. Can we justify the Oprichnina? 4. In your opinion, was Ivan more a monstrous madman or a skillful political manipulator? Give specific reasons to support your answer.
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