Америка в прошлом и настоящем. Часть I. Горчакова Е.П - 20 стр.

 b. the magnificence of Islamic culture.
 c. the excellence of Islamic culture.
 6. When Christian armies traveled south to Islamic lands
 a. they found a civilization that was more advanced than theirs.
 b. they found a civilization that was less advanced than theirs.
 c. they found a civilization that was similar to theirs.
 7. What is the subject of paragraph 15?
 a. the causes of increased trade in Europe.
 b. the results of increased trade in Europe.
 c. the growth of European towns.
 8. The European Renaissance was
 a. an arrangement of protection and support.
 b. a complicated trade monopoly.
 c. an age of confidence and creativity
 9. Inventions such as the printing press, gunpowder, and the Portuguese
 caravel were
 a. dreams of the new scientists.
 b. examples of Europe's new confidence and creativity.
 c. exhibits in Islamic libraries.
 10. From what we are told in paragraph 19 we may conclude that
 a. Europeans decided to sail into the Atlantic for economic reasons
 b. Europeans wanted to find the land the Scandinavians had discovered.
 c. Europeans wanted to trade with the Native Americans.

            Composition
"Necessity is the mother of invention." This proverb means that people will
think of new ideas and discover new inventions when there is a real need for
change. How does this proverb describe the situation which led to the voyage
of Columbus? Why was there a real need to sail west into unknown seas?
What new ideas and new inventions made this voyage possible?
      Topics for Discussion
A. Travel can often give us an education. When Christian armies traveled south
to the Islamic Empire, they arrived in a whole new world. They saw luxuries
which they had never had. They heard a new language, and experienced
customs which were completely different from their own. Have you ever
taken a trip which was especially educational? Where did you go? Why did
you go there? What did you see there that was new and different from your
own way of life? What do you remember most about the trip?
B. The Renaissance was a period of confidence and creativity in places like Italy,
England, France, and Spain. It was a "Golden Age" of art and science. Many
people felt optimistic about the future. They felt progress and improvement

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