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26
Short- term memory lasts less than a minute or so and
can encompass very few items. Its coding is indirect, a good
deal of it apparently based on sound, and involves a significant
amount of organization. It, too, simply decays or fades away.
Long- term memory can last for several minutes or many
years and its capacity is almost unlimited. It typically makes
use of very complex coding which involves clustering,
meaningful thought systems, and so forth. For all the
organization in our vast memory store, our memories are
nonetheless lost through interference and repression or
changed through creative forgetting.
Studies in the future will depend largely on an increased
understanding of the physiological bases of memory. This,
among other things, may enable us to make effective use of
drugs in aiding memory- particularly in cases of mental
retardation and senility.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
4. Match the key terms with their explanations.
1. Chunking
2. Clustering
3. Coding
4. Information
processing
5. Interference
6. Long- term
memory
7. Proactive
inhibition
8. Repression
9. Retroactive
inhibition
10. Sensory
memory
11. Short- term
memory
a) The disruptive effect on
recall of a person’s having learnt
other material between his
learning of the original material
and its attempted recall.
b) Organizing of items in
memory into smaller groups
c) The tendency to recall
items
in meaningfully related
groups, even though the items
were originally learned in random
order.
d) The system with an
extremely large capacity and
complex organization that is
assumed to account for relatively
26 Short- term memory lasts less than a minute or so and can encompass very few items. Its coding is indirect, a good deal of it apparently based on sound, and involves a significant amount of organization. It, too, simply decays or fades away. Long- term memory can last for several minutes or many years and its capacity is almost unlimited. It typically makes use of very complex coding which involves clustering, meaningful thought systems, and so forth. For all the organization in our vast memory store, our memories are nonetheless lost through interference and repression or changed through creative forgetting. Studies in the future will depend largely on an increased understanding of the physiological bases of memory. This, among other things, may enable us to make effective use of drugs in aiding memory- particularly in cases of mental retardation and senility. VOCABULARY PRACTICE 4 . Ma t c h t h e k ey t er m s wi t h t h ei r ex p l a n a t i o n s. 1. Chunking a) The disruptive effect on 2. Clustering recall of a person’s having learnt 3. Coding other material between his 4. Information learning of the original material processing and its attempted recall. 5. Interference 6. Long- term b) Organizing of items in memory memory into smaller groups 7. Proactive inhibition c) The tendency to recall 8. Repression items in meaningfully related 9. Retroactive groups, even though the items inhibition were originally learned in random 10. Sensory order. memory d) The system with an 11. Short- term extremely large capacity and memory complex organization that is assumed to account for relatively
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