Английский язык. Горчакова Е.П - 26 стр.

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26
Short- term memory lasts less than a minute or so and
can encompass very few items. Its coding is indirect, a good
deal of it apparently based on sound, and involves a significant
amount of organization. It, too, simply decays or fades away.
Long- term memory can last for several minutes or many
years and its capacity is almost unlimited. It typically makes
use of very complex coding which involves clustering,
meaningful thought systems, and so forth. For all the
organization in our vast memory store, our memories are
nonetheless lost through interference and repression or
changed through creative forgetting.
Studies in the future will depend largely on an increased
understanding of the physiological bases of memory. This,
among other things, may enable us to make effective use of
drugs in aiding memory- particularly in cases of mental
retardation and senility.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
4. Match the key terms with their explanations.
1. Chunking
2. Clustering
3. Coding
4. Information
processing
5. Interference
6. Long- term
memory
7. Proactive
inhibition
8. Repression
9. Retroactive
inhibition
10. Sensory
memory
11. Short- term
memory
a) The disruptive effect on
recall of a person’s having learnt
other material between his
learning of the original material
and its attempted recall.
b) Organizing of items in
memory into smaller groups
c) The tendency to recall
items
in meaningfully related
groups, even though the items
were originally learned in random
order.
d) The system with an
extremely large capacity and
complex organization that is
assumed to account for relatively 
                                           26

     Short- term memory lasts less than a minute or so and
can encompass very few items. Its coding is indirect, a good
deal of it apparently based on sound, and involves a significant
amount of organization. It, too, simply decays or fades away.

     Long- term memory can last for several minutes or many
years and its capacity is almost unlimited. It typically makes
use of very complex coding which involves clustering,
meaningful thought systems, and so forth. For all the
organization in our vast memory store, our memories are
nonetheless lost through interference and repression or
changed through creative forgetting.

     Studies in the future will depend largely on an increased
understanding of the physiological bases of memory. This,
among other things, may enable us to make effective use of
drugs in aiding memory- particularly in cases of mental
retardation and senility.

     VOCABULARY PRACTICE

     4 . Ma t c h t h e k ey t er m s wi t h t h ei r ex p l a n a t i o n s.


           1.    Chunking                   a) The disruptive effect on
           2.    Clustering            recall of a person’s having learnt
           3.    Coding                other    material   between    his
           4.    Information           learning of the original material
      processing                       and its attempted recall.
           5.    Interference
           6.    Long- term               b)    Organizing of items in
      memory                           memory into smaller groups
           7.    Proactive
      inhibition                            c) The tendency to recall
           8.    Repression            items in meaningfully related
           9.    Retroactive           groups, even though the items
      inhibition                       were originally learned in random
           10. Sensory                 order.
      memory
                                            d) The system with an
           11. Short- term
                                       extremely large capacity     and
      memory
                                       complex organization that is
                                       assumed to account for relatively

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