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the Queen conferred upon the orchestra the title ‘Royal’ in the orchestra’s name
in its own right – Britain’s only major independent orchestra to be honored in
such a manner.
After Beecham’s death, Rudolf Kempe became artistic director and
principal conductor and he was succeeded in 1975 by the distinguished musical
Antal Dorati, who is now conductor laureate of the orchestra.
The PRO has made appearances at most of the world’s leading music
festivals, both in this country and abroad, and has made many overseas tours,
including five to the USA, and visits to the Far East, Scandinavia, Russia and
Mexico.
The orchestra is also kept extremely active, not only with its concert
schedule, but in the sphere of recordings and providing and the music for films
and television.
5.15. Film: Establishment of an Industry
Britain was one of the “founding fathers” of film. Britain’s pioneers
included an optical instrument manufacturer, Bird Acres, who filmed the Derby
and the opening of the Kiel Canal in 1895 onwards; William Friese-Green, a
photographer whose imagination and inventive skills were stirred by the idea of
movies in the1880s and who shot a pioneer film in 1889 in Hyde Park and
claimed to have shown it to a passing policeman (a scene reconstructed in the
feature film “The Magic Box”); and R.W. Paul, an instrument-maker, who
constructed a peep-show device, like Edison’s Kinetoscope, which was in public
use in 1895, and whose first public display of his films on a screen virtually
coincided with that of the Lumieres in Paris. From 1896 films of every kind,
though very short at first, were to be manufactured, sold and shown in
fairground booths (the first movie theatre, in effect), music halls (as news and
entertainment items), or in special temporary premises hired for the purpose –
weekend shows, in local halls, and the like. These films were poured out to meet
the overwhelming public demand which showmen everywhere hastened to
satisfy, and first of the trade associations,
the CINEMATOGRAPH
MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION, was founded as early as 1907.
The British Board of Film Censors was founded in 1912 to keep the
foreign rather than the home product ‘general’, establishing a categorization of
“U” for Universal, that is, suitable for children, and “A”, more suitable for
Adults, which was to last until 1950s. THE CINEMATOGRAPH
EXHIBITORS’ ASSOCIATION was founded the same year.
The fault with British production (as compared to the American one) was
that it stayed rigidly out-of-date in the face of the great advances made by
American directors of the period up to 1920. Hepworth, Samuelson, and even
Braker made literary and theatrical subjects. British films seemed tied to the
novel, the popular play, and to popular stars of the theatre.
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