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55
plasma cutting, an efficient steel cutting process. Other arc welding processes
include atomic hydrogen welding, carbon arc welding, electroslag welding,
electrogas welding, and stud arc welding.
4 Safety Issues
Welding, without the proper precautions, can be a dangerous and
unhealthy practice. However, with the use of new technology and proper
protection, the risks of injury and death associated with welding can be
greatly reduced. Because many common welding procedures involve an open
electric arc or flame, the risk of burns is significant. To prevent them, welders
wear protective clothing in the form of heavy leather gloves and protective
long sleeve jackets to avoid exposure to extreme heat and flames.
Additionally, the brightness of the weld area leads to a condition called arc
eye in which ultraviolet light causes the inflammation of the cornea and can
burn the retinas of the eyes. Goggles and helmets with dark face plates are
worn to prevent this exposure, and in recent years, new helmet models have
been produced that feature a face plate that self-darkens upon exposure to
high amounts of UV light. To protect bystanders, transparent welding
curtains often surround the welding area. These curtains, made of a polyvinyl
chloride plastic film, shield nearby workers from exposure to the UV light
from the electric arc, but should not be used to replace the filter glass used in
helmets.
Welders are also often exposed to dangerous gases and particulate
matter. Processes like flux-cored arc welding and shielded metal arc welding
produce smoke containing particles of various types of oxides. The size of
the particles in question tends to influence the toxicity of the fumes, with
smaller particles presenting a greater danger. Additionally, many processes
produce various gases, most commonly carbon dioxide and ozone, and fumes
that can prove dangerous if ventilation is inadequate. Furthermore, because
the use of compressed gases and flames in many welding processes pose an
explosion and fire risk, some common precautions include limiting the
amount of oxygen in the air and keeping combustible materials away from
the workplace.
3 Read the texts above and find the English equivalents for the following
Russian phrases in the text.
Положительно заряженный анод, остатки флюса, волна типа
"синусоида", гармоническая волна/ прямоугольная волна, плавящийся
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