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73
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187) It is known that in recent years, industrial pollution has caused the Earth's ozone
layer to thin, allowing an increase in the amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the
Earth's surface. At the same time, scientists have discovered, the population of a species
of salamander that lays its eggs in mountain lakes has declined. Since ultraviolet
radiation is known to be damaging to delicate tissues and since salamander eggs have no
protective shells, it must be the case that the increase in ultraviolet radiation has
damaged many salamander eggs and prevented them from hatching. This process will no
doubt cause population declines in other species, just as it has in the salamander species.
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188) The following appeared in a memorandum from the planning department of an
electric power company.
"Several recent surveys indicate that homeowners are increasingly eager to conserve
energy and manufacturers are now marketing many home appliances, such as
refrigerators and air conditioners, that are almost twice as energy-efficient as those sold
a decade ago. Also, new technologies for better home insulation and passive solar
heating are readily available to reduce the energy needed for home heating. Therefore,
we anticipate that the total demand for electricity in our area will not increase, and may
decline slightly. Since our three electric generating plants in operation for the past 20
years have always met our needs, construction of new generating plants should not be
necessary."
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189) The following recommendation was made by the Human Resources Manager to the
board of directors of the Fancy Toy Company.
"In the last three quarters of this year, under the leadership of our president, Pat Salvo,
our profits have fallen considerably. Thus, we should ask for her resignation in return for
a generous severance package. In Pat's place, we should appoint Rosa Winnings. Rosa is
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