Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 26 стр.

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3. Lexico-grammatical character of the stem. Suffixes added to certain

groups of stems are subdivided into:

a) suffixes added to verbal stems: -er commuter, -ing suffering;

b) suffixes added to noun stems: -less smogless, -ism adventurism;

c) suffixes adde to adjective stems: -en weaken, -ish longish.

4. Origin of suffixes.

a) native (Germanic) suffixes: -er teacher, -ful careful, -less painless, -ly

swiftly, -dom, -ed, -en, -hood, -ing, -ish, -ness, -ship, -teen, -ty, -ward;

b) Romanic suffixes: -tion attention, -ment development, -able/-ible

terrible, moveable, -age, -ard, ance/ence, -ate;

c) Greek suffixes: -ist taxist, -ism capitalism, -ize organize;

d) Russian suffixes: -nik filmnik.

5. Productivity of suffixes:

a) productive: -er dancer, -ize specialize, -ly wetly, -ness closeness;

b) semi-productive: -ette kitchenette, -ward sky-ward;

c) non-productive: -ard drunkard, -th length.

6. Structure.

a) simple: -er speaker, -ist taxist;

b) compound –ical, ironical, -ation formation, -manship sportsmanship,

ably/ibly terribly, reasonably.

IV. Prefixation

Prefixation is the formation of words by means of adding a prefix to the

stem. In English it is characteristic for forming verbs. The main function of

prefixes in English is to change the lexical meaning of the same part of speech, e.g.

happy- unhappy, head – overhead. Prefixes can be classified according to different

principles:

1. Semantic classification:

a) negative prefixes, e.g. in-, un- invaluable, unhappy;