Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 52 стр.

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and use of English words over the last forty years have been the United States of

America and the progress of different branches of science and means of

communication: television, cinema and printed material.

New words can appear in speech of an individual person who wants to

express his idea in some original way. This person is called originator. New

lexical units are primary used by university teachers, newspaper reporters.

Neologisms can develop in three main ways. a lexical unit existing in the

language can change its meaning to denote a new object or phenomenon. In such

cases we have semantic neologisms, e.g. the word umbrella developed the

meanings авиационное прикрытие, политическое прикрытие. A new lexical

unit can develop in the language to denote an object or pfenomenon which already

has some lexical unit to denote it. In such cases we have transnomination, e.g. the

word slum was first substituted by the word ghetto, then by the word-group inner

town. A new lexical unit can be introduced to denote a new object or phenomenon.

In this case we have a proper neologism, many of them are cases of new

terminology.

III. Semantic Groups of Neologisms

1. We can point out the group of neologisms connected with computerization:

a) new words used to denote different types of computers: PC, super-computer,

multi-user;

b) new words used to denote parts of computers: hardwear, softwear, monitor,

display, key-board;

c) new words used to denote computer languages: BASIC, Algol, FORTRAN;

d) new words used to denote notions connected with work on computers: to

blitz out, to computerize, computerization.

2. In the sphere of liguistics we have such neologisms as: machine translation,

interligual and many others.