Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 7 стр.

UptoLike

Составители:

Рубрика:

The same is true of a polysemantic word: Look at me – You look tired.

Consequently, semantic investigation is confined to the analysis of the difference

or sameness of meaning. the functional approach is a valuable complement to the

referential theory.

II. Lexical Meaning and Concept

Meaning and concept are very closely associated but not identical. Meaning

is a linguistic category. Concept is a logical and psychological category, a unit of

thinking.

Meaning and concept coincide only in scientific terms that have no general

meanings (morpheme, phoneme, amoeba) and in terminilogical meanings of

polysemantic words, e.g. legal, medical or grammatical usages of the word case. In

other aspects meaning and concept do not coincide:

1. Concept is emotionally and stylistically neutral. Meaning may include

non-conceptual parts: kid, gorgeous, birdie.

2. One and the same concept can be expressed differently: die – pass away,

kick the bucket.

3. The number of concepts does not correspond to the number of words and

meanings. One concept may be expressed by several synonymous words:

child, kid – infant. One polysemantic word may express several concepts:

draw – “move by pulling“ (draw a boat out of the water), “obtain from a

source“ (draw water from a well), “make with a pen, pencil or chalk“

(draw a straight line). Some words do not express concepts at all: well,

must, perhaps.

4. Concepts are mostly international. Meanings are nationally specific.

Words expressing identical concepts may have different meanings and

different semantic structures in different languages: house – дом; blue -

синий, голубой.