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missing, most of the stones are still original but some are more durable than others. There was
no rising dampness, but condensation has played a part in some places. The shrine area was
similarly dirty, but the protection of the sawdust, linoleum and wood covering of the 1930s had
not caused any deterioration of the floor. Previous cementing and dirt detracted from showing
the full beauty and there were thousands of pieces missing.
Causes of decay in both cases showed condensation is the worst enemy with failure of the
mortar having meant loss of the inscription and some pieces of stone and glass. In the shrine,
some rising damp and condensation is causing the Purbeck marble to decay.
Trial cleaning and repairs was undertaken in 1998 including fixing loose small pieces with
wax protection of stone and lime mortar surfaces. This included estimating the cost of long-
term repairs. A measured drawing was made, a copy of which is in a folding plate at the end of
the book together with another of a photograph. Conservation was supported by photography as
well as copious documentation.
BUCKINGHAM PALACE
It was George IV's idea to turn Buckingham House, his parents' home, into an imposing
residence fit for the king of England. In the face of much criticism, John Nash undertook the
remodelling and extension at vast public expense, and it all took so long that neither George IV
nor his brother William IV ever lived there. Queen Victoria, however, loved Buckingham Pal-
ace (even though many of the 1,000 windows would not open, doors were ill-fitting, lavatories
were unventilated and bells did not ring!). Edward Blore finally finished it satisfactorily in
1847.
Many of the State rooms are sumptuously grand, notably the White Drawing Room, the
domed Music Room with its 18 columns of deep blue scagliola, and the State Dining Room
decorated in vivid crimson. The Royal Family occupies relatively few of the 600 rooms, many
of which provide offices and accommodation for members of the Royal Household.
Nearly every morning London's most popular ceremony, The Changing of the Guard, takes
place on the forecourt, much to the delight of the assembled crowd.
The Queen's Gallery, showing art treasures from the Royal Collection, is open to the public.
Further down Buckingham Palace Road is the Royal Mews, where The Queen's Horses and
Carriages can be seen mid-week.
WELLINGTON ARCH
Intended as a monument to the first Duke of Wellington, you'd never know it looking
at the monument today. When it was erected in the early 1800s, the arch was topped by a
massive statue of Sir Arthur Wellsley riding a horse created by Matthew Cotes. A trio of
indignities later, and this could be a monument to anyone.
The first came in 1882 when the monument was moved to Hyde Park Corner. Previously it
had been a ceremonial entrance to Buckingham Palace. The second insult came in 1912, when
the Wellsley statue was taken down and replaced by a quadriga by Adrian Jones, similar to ones
in cities like Berlin, and Saint Paul, Minnesota.
A third insult followed in the 1960-s when traffic was routed around the arch, leaving it
stranded on an island. Because of its location on Constitution Hill, and the lack of a Wellsley
statue, many people think it's proper name is Constitution Arch. Inside the arch are exhibits,
and access to a balcony which provides views of nearby London landmarks.
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