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segments, known as orders. The interior order is animated by a band of blind arches placed on
half columns. Underneath the arches are lozenged rhomboid decorations inlaid with coloured
marbles, each containing a rosette in relief at the centre.
The wall facing is interrupted by narrow round-arched lancet windows and, to the west, by
the only door framed by an architrave. Above the architrave a falcate arch with a carved
archivolt rests upon two capitals in continuation of the piers, forming an aedicule containing
a fourteenth-century bust of the Madonna and Child.
At the sides of the portal there are friezes with decorations showing animals and imaginary
beasts. These, alongside a singular representation of ships, accompany the epigraph, which
commemorates the foundation of the building. The cylindrical belfry which concludes the
building, of a smaller diameter than the floors below, bears an external decoration composed of
closed and pierced lunettes, which rest alternately on pedestals and columns, whereby under
every pedestal (bearing two closed lunnettes) there is a door, while the single pierced lunnettes
supported on columns are lengthened to form windows. The belfry is reached via a narrow spi-
ral stair, and in turn allows access to the summit of the tower by way of a stair cut into the
wall."
• Construction began 9 August 1173.
• It is said that Berta of Bernardo was the impetus behind the tower. Legend has it that
when she died on 5 January, 1172 in her will she left 60 coins to pay for the first building
blocks of the tower.
• There are 293 steps to the sixth arcade.
• 1998 – The tower's lean is measured at 13 feet – considered a dangerous pitch. Excava-
tion work begins to correct some of the tilt.
• May 2001 – Engineers have begun removing two pairs of steel suspenders intended to
take some of the lean out of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The cables were attached in 1998 just
in case something bad happened during excavation work underneath the tower. The digging is
intended to adjust the tilt of the Leaning Tower, which had to be closed to the public because it
was becoming dangerous.
• January 2001 – The Tower now leans 11 feet, eight inches.
• June 2001 – Engineers have finished tinkering with the Leaning Tower of Pisa. After
years of work they managed to straighten it enough to make it safe for tourists.
• 15 December 2001 – A month late, the tower re-opens to tourists.
PIAZZA DEL CAMPIDGOLIO
Everyone wants their place to look nice when company comes over. When you're the
Pope, and your place is Rome, you don't hire a maid to spruce things up – you get Michel-
angelo.
In 1536 Emperor Charles V announced he was going to visit the city. Pope Paul III
Farnese needed to make a good impression, so he hired the famed artist to give the square
a facelift. Michelangelo designed a geometric pattern to be made from paving stones, and
came up with the new facades for the surrounding buildings.
Look for the statue of a man on a horse. It survived because people thought it was the
Christian Emperor Constantine. It is actually the Pagan Marcus Aurelius. Michelangelo
was so taken by the quality of the sculpting that he allowed it to remain in the renovated
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