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BOLSHOI THEATRE
Widely considered as one of the most beautiful performance houses in the world, the Bolshoi
Theatre stands as a testament to the enduring nature of the Russian character. For more than
two hundred years through monarchies, revolution, totalitarianism, socialism, and war the
Bolshoi has been a symbol of the grand character of the Russian spirit expressed in architec-
ture, dance, and opera.
More than an instrument to stir the love of the arts, the Bolshoi Theatre is very nearly a mu-
sical instrument itself. The auditorium is trimmed in wood and its acoustics is arranged to mag-
nify and amplify sounds from the stage. It is among the most acoustically perfect houses in the
world.
Outside, the façade has been restored after a bomb hit it in 1941 during the Second World
War. It features the figure of Apollo and his quadriga (chariot) over a structure resembling the
Parthenon. Although it looks impressive from the front, the Theatre is in need of renovation af-
ter putting on 300 performances a year for 150 years.
The ten-year project is being overseen by UNESCO in cooperation with the government of
the Russian Federation. It is financed through donations from governments, corporations, and
individual benefactors.
The first phase involves the construction of a building next door on Teatralnaya Square.
That building will be a sister theater to the Bolshoi with a stage that the Bolshoi will perform on
during phase two – when the original theater will be renovated.
Once complete, the complex will include both theaters, an administration building, re-
hearsal halls, a greenhouse, a building to house the Bolshoi Theatre Club, a museum, confer-
ence hall, and workshop buildings.
• 1776 – The Bolshoi Theatre is established by Prince Peter Urusov.
• 1781 – The original building by Christian Rosberg and M. Medox is erected.
• 1805 – The building is destroyed by fire.
• 1825 – The second building is erected by Osip Bove at a cost of
R 2,000,000.00.
• 1953 – The building is destroyed in a three-day fire.
• 1955 – The third building is erected. It is designed by Albert Kavos based on the design
by Osip Bove.
• 1902 – Due to settling of the foundation, the walls of the auditorium shift, wedging the
exit doors of two sections closed, trapping the audience inside.
SAINT BASIL’S CATHEDRAL
Saint Basil's Cathedral is the most recognizable symbol of Russia. Its colorful onion
domes are instantly recognizable around the world as emblems of Moscow and the Rus-
sian Orthodox Church. The church is actually the Cathedral of the Protection of the
Mother of God, known as "Theotokos" or "Bogoroditsa" in the Orthodox Church.
But it is mostly known as Saint Basil's Cathedral, named after the man who roamed the
streets of Moscow trying to win converts during the reign of Ivan the Terrible (Tsar Ivan IV or
Ivan Grozny). In spite of the brutal Russian winters and unforgiving summers, he many times
conducted his crusade naked.
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