Radiophysics. Халюшева Г.Р. - 22 стр.

         5 Unit 5
         5.1 Text 5
                                                              The wireless

                                                                                   I am a Russian and I must give
                                                                                   all my knowledge, all my work
                                                                                   and all my achievements to my
                                                                                                   native country.
                                                                                                                     A.S.Popov

         To speak about the radio is to speak about its inventor–the Russian scientist A.S.Popov (1859–1906).
       Having thoroughly studied the contemporary theories of electricity A.S.Popov
was one of the first to use practically the results obtained by H.Hertz. In fact many
scientists knew Hertz to have proved the existence of electro–magnetic waves and to
have studied their behaviour. But it was Popov, who first constructed an apparatus to
transmit electro–magnetic waves at a distance.
          In 1895 A.S.Popov was allowed to demonstrate his dwice at a meeting held at ST.Petersburg University. Having
explained the principle of its operation the scientist informed the audience that he was going to perfect the apparatus in
order to make it useful for transmitting signals by means of rapid electric oscillations. To achieve this he was going to attach
to his receiver a device for recording telegrams sent over by the wire telegraph.
          The new apparatus having been successfully tested in 1897, A.S.Popov demonstrated it to prove the possibility of
radio communication, that is, the possibility of transmitting words over a wireless telegraph. And indeed, the apparatus
proved to be a success when used for communication between the shore and ships three kilometres apart and between ships
sailing five kilometres apart. A.S.Popov wrote that he expected all the ocean–going ships to be equipped with wireless
telegraph apparatuses. He hoped that with wireless telegraph apparatuses installed on all ocean–going ships the Navy would
be provided with a reliable means of communication.
          A year later, assisted by Ribkin and Troitsky, A.S.Popov constructed an apparatus capable of receiving audible
signals. It was by means of that very radio telegraph that a battlesship was saved in the Black Sea. On hearing the news,
Admiral Makarov declared the radio telegraph to be of great importance for the Nevy and highly praised the work of its
inventor, Alexander Popov.
          Three years later, having overcome many difficulties, Popov built a radio–station, the first radio–station in the
world.
          We know A.S.Popov to have been working under very hard conditions. Yet despite all hardships the scientist
declined the offecs of foreign commercial companies to leave Russia and lend his invention for commercial use abroad.
          A.S.Popov died an early death in 1905 when he was only 47 years old.
          Scientists all over the world were quick to realize the importance and practical possibilities of radio and contributed
much to its further development.
          During Word War II radio–engineering was greatly developed. A device for locating objects at long distances
being given the name "radar" was constructed at that period. We know radar to be composed of the initial letters of a
descriptive term: radio, detection and ranging. The basic principle of radar is the scanning of an area by a beam of
microwaves from a station of known position, and the detection of the waves reflected from the object to be located. The
speed of waves being known, it is only necessary to measure the time which elapses between the transmission of microwave
pulses and the arrival of the reflected waves in order to locate the object which has caused the reflection, the location being
determined both in direction and range.
          Now a days it is hard to imagine even our daily life without the wireless. It is impossible to overestimate its
importance and to predict the possibilities of its further development.

         5.2 Notes to the Text
         As was often the case – как это часто бывало
         died an early death – рано умер