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most important fields – optical electronics. 6. Radar is an acronym for Radio Detecting and Randing. 7. Laser is
fundamentally a device that controls the way in which photons are emitted by a light source. 8. The laser produces a beam
which is much more intensive and coherent than one from any other source of light. 9. The first laser beam was created in
1900. 10. Early uses of the laser have been in optical radar, cutting and welding of metals. 11. The use of laser was a basis
of a branch of photography called holography. 12. Power densities many millions of times more intense than those on the
surface of the sun can be produced. 13. Laser beams are used for operating on the human eyes as they can be delicately
controlled. 14. The laser's potentialities in science and technology are stated in terms of three basic categories. 15.
N.G.Basov and A.M.Prokhorov have developed the foundations of quantum radio physics. 16. In future the laser beam will
carry millions of radio and television frequencies. 17. The laser beam will burn away the decayed areas of a tooth in a
thousandth of a second. 18. The laser beam will perform all operations at an unbelievable speed. 19. On the basis of radio–
frequency quantum generators clocks have been made that measure time with an accuracy of one second per 300 years. 20.
There are a great many applications of lasers nowadays. 21. In future the laser won't be used.
12.3.5 Reproduce the text "Mysterious Devices or not?"
12.3.6 Define the – ing– forms and translate the text
Using electricity on a large scale opens up great possibilities in various fields of
science and everyday life. Using electric light in our homes we seldom think of those
who were the pioneers in electrical engineering.
Several remarkable Russian scientists have made a great contribution to the science, Yablochkov and Lodygin
being the best known to us. Lodygin's having produced the first incandescent lamp is a generally recognized fact. His first
lamps (1872), consisting of a glass bulb with a carbon rod serving as a filament, however, were imperfect, their life being
only 30–40 minutes. Having introduced several carbon rods instead of one the scientist made the lamp serve a longer period.
After having seen Lodygin's lamp Edison took great interest in the invention. We know of his having worked at the
improvement of the lamp for several years. In 1879 Edison succeeded in creating an improved lamp which solved the
problem of getting cheap electricity on a wide scale.
However, the carbon filament not being efficient and economic enough, Lodygin turned to the study of metals.
Soon the necessary metal having a high melting point was found, it was tungsten. Many difficulties having been overcome,
the problem of lighting our streets, plants and homes was solved.
12.3.7 Read and translate the text. Make up 10 questions based on the text and answer them
The devices known as masers and lasers serve as amplifiers and generators of
radiation. Their common characteristics is that they make use of the conversion of
atomic or molecular energy to electro–magnetic radiation by means of the process
known as stimulated emission of radiation. When the wave–length of the emitted
radiation is in the range of 1 cm we speak of microwave amplifiers or masers. Devices
generating or amplifying visible or nearly visible radiation are called optical masers or
lasers.
The most important property of the maser is its ability to amplify signals at extremely low levels, and when used as
generator, it is capable of generating monochromatic radiation of extreme frequency stability.
The first ruby laser having been developed in 1960, many new laser types were
discovered. The world's most powerful laser developed in England has reached an
output of 250 kw for one millionth of a second, and produces a temperature about 2.5
million degrees Centigrade.
Great power in lasers has many important research uses, such as making a plasma, the ionized state of matter,
which will finally lead to fusion of atoms.
This imitating of the Sun, where fusion of hydrogen atoms provides heat, light and energy, is like "making a star
with a laser in the laboratory."
most important fields – optical electronics. 6. Radar is an acronym for Radio Detecting and Randing. 7. Laser is
fundamentally a device that controls the way in which photons are emitted by a light source. 8. The laser produces a beam
which is much more intensive and coherent than one from any other source of light. 9. The first laser beam was created in
1900. 10. Early uses of the laser have been in optical radar, cutting and welding of metals. 11. The use of laser was a basis
of a branch of photography called holography. 12. Power densities many millions of times more intense than those on the
surface of the sun can be produced. 13. Laser beams are used for operating on the human eyes as they can be delicately
controlled. 14. The laser's potentialities in science and technology are stated in terms of three basic categories. 15.
N.G.Basov and A.M.Prokhorov have developed the foundations of quantum radio physics. 16. In future the laser beam will
carry millions of radio and television frequencies. 17. The laser beam will burn away the decayed areas of a tooth in a
thousandth of a second. 18. The laser beam will perform all operations at an unbelievable speed. 19. On the basis of radio–
frequency quantum generators clocks have been made that measure time with an accuracy of one second per 300 years. 20.
There are a great many applications of lasers nowadays. 21. In future the laser won't be used.
12.3.5 Reproduce the text "Mysterious Devices or not?"
12.3.6 Define the – ing– forms and translate the text
Using electricity on a large scale opens up great possibilities in various fields of
science and everyday life. Using electric light in our homes we seldom think of those
who were the pioneers in electrical engineering.
Several remarkable Russian scientists have made a great contribution to the science, Yablochkov and Lodygin
being the best known to us. Lodygin's having produced the first incandescent lamp is a generally recognized fact. His first
lamps (1872), consisting of a glass bulb with a carbon rod serving as a filament, however, were imperfect, their life being
only 30–40 minutes. Having introduced several carbon rods instead of one the scientist made the lamp serve a longer period.
After having seen Lodygin's lamp Edison took great interest in the invention. We know of his having worked at the
improvement of the lamp for several years. In 1879 Edison succeeded in creating an improved lamp which solved the
problem of getting cheap electricity on a wide scale.
However, the carbon filament not being efficient and economic enough, Lodygin turned to the study of metals.
Soon the necessary metal having a high melting point was found, it was tungsten. Many difficulties having been overcome,
the problem of lighting our streets, plants and homes was solved.
12.3.7 Read and translate the text. Make up 10 questions based on the text and answer them
The devices known as masers and lasers serve as amplifiers and generators of
radiation. Their common characteristics is that they make use of the conversion of
atomic or molecular energy to electro–magnetic radiation by means of the process
known as stimulated emission of radiation. When the wave–length of the emitted
radiation is in the range of 1 cm we speak of microwave amplifiers or masers. Devices
generating or amplifying visible or nearly visible radiation are called optical masers or
lasers.
The most important property of the maser is its ability to amplify signals at extremely low levels, and when used as
generator, it is capable of generating monochromatic radiation of extreme frequency stability.
The first ruby laser having been developed in 1960, many new laser types were
discovered. The world's most powerful laser developed in England has reached an
output of 250 kw for one millionth of a second, and produces a temperature about 2.5
million degrees Centigrade.
Great power in lasers has many important research uses, such as making a plasma, the ionized state of matter,
which will finally lead to fusion of atoms.
This imitating of the Sun, where fusion of hydrogen atoms provides heat, light and energy, is like "making a star
with a laser in the laboratory."
