Английский язык. Ч.3 (Tests 10,11,12). Ильичева Н.А - 17 стр.

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D. Skills and abilities that 21st century engineers need.
E. Revolution in the acquisition of knowledge.
F. The capability that facilitates computing.
G. “Chaotic engineering”.
(1;…) What does the 21st century engineer need to know? To attempt an
answer, let’s briefly examine some of the new capabilities that are shaping the
future of engineering – terascale, nanoscale, complexity, cognition, and holism.
Because science and technology are transforming forces, it will be these
emerging fields, the unpredicted territories, that will change and expand our
capabilities as engineers and innovators.
(2;…) Terascale. This new capability takes us three orders of magnitude
beyond present general-purpose and generally accessible computing capabilities.
In the past, our system architectures could handle hundreds of processors. Now
we are working with systems of 10 000 processors. In a very short time, we’ll be
connecting millions of systems and billions of “information appliances” to the
Internet. Crossing that boundary of one trillion operations per second will launch
us toward new frontiers.
(3;…) Nanoscale. This advance will take us three orders of magnitude
below the size of most of today’s human-made devices. Nanostructures are at
the confluence of the smallest of human-made devices and the large molecules
of living systems, letting us imagine connecting machines to living cells.
Nanotechnology lets us manipulate matter one atom or molecule at a time. It
could lead to amazing breakthroughs – for example, to molecular computers that
could store the equivalent of the U.S. Library of Congress in a device we could
wear.
(4;…) Complexity. Mitch Waldrop writes in his book “Complexity” about a
point “where the components of a system never quite lock into place, and yet
never quite dissolve into turbulence, either …”. It’s often called the edge of
chaos. If we look at science and engineering, we discern this zone of
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D. Skills and abilities that 21st century engineers need.
E. Revolution in the acquisition of knowledge.
F. The capability that facilitates computing.
G. “Chaotic engineering”.


    (1;…) What does the 21st century engineer need to know? To attempt an
answer, let’s briefly examine some of the new capabilities that are shaping the
future of engineering – terascale, nanoscale, complexity, cognition, and holism.
Because science and technology are transforming forces, it will be these
emerging fields, the unpredicted territories, that will change and expand our
capabilities as engineers and innovators.
     (2;…) Terascale. This new capability takes us three orders of magnitude
beyond present general-purpose and generally accessible computing capabilities.
In the past, our system architectures could handle hundreds of processors. Now
we are working with systems of 10 000 processors. In a very short time, we’ll be
connecting millions of systems and billions of “information appliances” to the
Internet. Crossing that boundary of one trillion operations per second will launch
us toward new frontiers.
     (3;…) Nanoscale. This advance will take us three orders of magnitude
below the size of most of today’s human-made devices. Nanostructures are at
the confluence of the smallest of human-made devices and the large molecules
of living systems, letting us imagine connecting machines to living cells.
Nanotechnology lets us manipulate matter one atom or molecule at a time. It
could lead to amazing breakthroughs – for example, to molecular computers that
could store the equivalent of the U.S. Library of Congress in a device we could
wear.
    (4;…) Complexity. Mitch Waldrop writes in his book “Complexity” about a
point “where the components of a system never quite lock into place, and yet
never quite dissolve into turbulence, either …”. It’s often called the edge of
chaos. If we look at science and engineering, we discern this zone of

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