Family. Ильичева Н.М - 37 стр.

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sisters, a mixture of siblings, or we may be only children. Each of us has a place
in the family hierarchy, however, and each of us strives to fit into the family in
our own way. According to some experts, our birth order may determine many
of the personality traits we develop later in life.
B. Think about the youngest or last-born child. People often describe the baby
of the family as spoiled and demanding. The exception, of course, is lastborns
themselves, who may be more inclined to describe themselves as victims of
their bossy, know-it-all elders. Anthropologists who study the family point to
the relaxed, outgoing nature of youngest children. They suggest that they grow
up competing with older children for their parents’attention and learn to be
natural entertainers. One advantage of being the last to arrive in the family is
that the parents have often eased up on many of the rules and regulations that
governed older children. With parents paying less attention, last-born children
are free to follow their own dreams without interference.
C. One study of birth order found that three-quarters of the major scientific
inventions made in the last five years can be attributed to youngest children.
The study points out that the career choices of last-borns reflect their relaxed,
people-oriented approach to life. They will often be found in fields that employ
their optimistic, creative, fun-loving approach to life. Consequently, last-borns
may often choose to work in sales, entertainment, science, or helping
professions such as therapy, nursing, and social work.
D. First-born children, as a group, display another set of characteristics. As the
first child on the scene, a first-born meets with inexperienced parents and
becomes the guinea pig for all of the parents' good intentions. By comparison,
later-born children have the benefit of more experienced, relaxed parents. By
the time later babies are born, parents have more realistic and reasonable ex-
pectations for their children.
E. At the same time, first-borns benefit from having their parents' undivided
attention. Higher expectations are communicated to them and they are groomed
for success. However, they may suffer the disadvantage of having to set a good
example for younger children. Older children are often given a lot of re-
sponsibility early on, and expected to make decisions for younger siblings.
F. One of the characteristics that scientists attribute to family position is a more
dominant and confident nature in first-borns. These children have been trained
to assume responsibility readily, and they make good leaders. Other traits that
have been observed in first-borns are self-confidence and generosity. Oldest
children are also good listeners. Because they are serious and goal-oriented,
they are often found in professions such architecture, journalism, teaching, and
law. All the astronauts chosen for the US space programmes have been first-
borns.
G. What about middle children? Sandwiched between older and younger
siblings, they can feel like the forgotten ones in the family. Middle children are
often observed to be the most secretive members of the family. Their cha-
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