Английский язык. Методические указания. Жесткова М.В. - 8 стр.

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VII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные,
данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.
1. The cost of tickets in a sleeping car is (high) than the fares in an open-type coach
because sleeping cars are (convenient) for traveling. 2. Although there are now (fast) and
(modern) means of transport, railways remain (safe) and (popular) form of transport. 3. One
of (great) advantages of the electric car is that it does not contaminate the environment. 4. One
of (convenient) and (fast) means of freight transportation is a container. 5. Our (good) diesel
locomotive develops a speed of 170 km per hour.
VIII. Перепишите предложения. Задайте общие вопросы и специальные
вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.
1. The repair of railway track usually takes place in summer
. 2. The train for London will
depart from platform №2 in five minutes
. 3. Liquid goods are carried in tank cars. 4. A large
number of cars were parked near the private law firm
. 5. This article is about a new high-speed
railway. 6. Nowadays, railways face competition from other means of transport primarily from
motor carriers. 7. Last year train fares more than doubled because of inflation.
IX. Перепишите и переведите текст.
ENGINES
Do you know what the first engine was like? It was called “the water wheel”. This was
an ordinary wheel with blades fixed to it and the current of a river turned it. These first engines
were used for irrigating fields. Then a wind-powered engine was invented. It was a small wheel
with long wide wooden blades attached to it. The new engine was driven by the wind. Both of
these engines, the water-and wind- operated, are very economical. They don’t need fuel to
function, but they are dependent on the weather.
Many years passed and people invented a new engine operated by steam. In a steam
engine, there is a furnace and a boiler. The furnace is filled with wood or coal and then lit. The
fire heats the water in the boiler and when it boils, it turns into steam. The (чем) more coal is
put in the furnace, the (тем) stronger the fire is burning. The more steam there is, the faster a
train or a boat is moving. The steam engine drove all sorts of machines, for example, steam
ships and steam locomotives. The very first aeroplane built by A.F. Mozhaisky also had a steam
engine. This engine played a very important part in the history of transport and industry
development. However, it had its disadvantages. It was too large, heavy and needed too much
fuel.
The imperfections of the steam engine led to the design of a new type. It was called the
internal combustion engine, because its fuel ignites and burns inside the engine itself and not in
a furnace. It is smaller and lighter than a steam engine because it does not have a boiler. It is
also more powerful, as it uses better-quality fuel: petrol or kerosene.
The internal combustion engine is now used in cars, diesel locomotives and motor ships.
However, in order to enable airplanes to fly faster than the speed of sound another more
powerful engine was needed. Eventually, one was invented and it was given the name “jet
engine”. The gases in it reach the temperature of over a thousand degrees. It is made of a very
resistant metal so that it will not melt.

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