Английский язык. Жесткова М.В - 68 стр.

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68
wooden shuttering were then placed immediately under the road surfaces. Construction of the roof
arch then proceeded with little disturbance to street traffic. This method is still used in Paris.
In the United States the first practical subway line was constructed in Boston between 1895 and
1897. On October 27, 1904, New York City opened the first section of what was to become the
largest subway system in the world. Other cities with notable subway systems include Philadelphia
and Chicago in the United States; Toronto and Montreal in Canada; Mexico City, Mexico; Buenos
Aires, Argentina; Munich and Frankfurt am Main in Germany; Milan, Italy; Cairo, Egypt; and
Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, and Nagoya in Japan. The shortest metro line was constructed in Turkey. Its
length is only 600 m but Istanbul is very proud of the metropolitan means of transport.
A number of major modern cities have a combination of subway and elevated railways. In
addition, some have automatic trains that are operated by remote control. Lines that use automated
trains include a section of the London subway system, the Victoria Line; BART (Bay Area Rapid
Transit) in the San Francisco Bay area; and the Washington, D.C., Metro. Greater attention is also
paid to the aesthetics, comfort, safety, and convenience of subways, particularly those in Moscow
and Rome.
Ex.23. Answer the following questions.
1) What is the quickest means of city’s transport? 2) Why is it necessary to construct
Underground railways in large cities? 3) Why is the construction of underground railway system a
very expensive and complicated engineering process? 4) What is the difference between the
permanent way of underground railroads and ground-based railway tracks? 5) Why is there no
ballast on the underground railways? 6) Are Metro trains powered by steam or electricity? 7) Where
is the current obtained from? 8) What does the Underground carrying capacity depend on? 9) How
many cities of the world have already built the Underground railways? 10) Where was the first
underground railway line laid down? 11) What city has the largest subway system in the world? 12)
What is the length of the metro line in Istanbul?
Ex.24. Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings.
1) In the USA the first subway line was a) the Metropolitan railway.
constructed…
2) The second underground line in London… b) on the Victoria line of the London
passed… Underground.
3) The shortest Metro line in the world c) clean and attractive stations.
was built…
4) Electric single cars with trolley poles d) the largest subway system in the world.
were used…
5) In Paris the construction of the first e) in the Budapest Subway.
Metro line lasted…
6) The first underground system in the world f) in Boston between 1895 and 1897.
was called…
7) The Moscow and Rome Metros are justly g) in Istanbul.
famous for…
8) New York has… h) under the Thames River.
9) Automated trains that are operated by i) two years.
remote control are used…
10) Constructing tunnels under the rivers, j) a device called a tunneling shield that
builders use… protects a tunnel against flooding.

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