Английский язык. Жесткова М.В - 79 стр.

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79
trying to find a pretext ___ leaving earlier. 16) Read the theory ___ doing the exercise. 17) ___
coming to conclusion he weighed all the “pros” and “contras”. 18) Americans like doing business
___ leaving their cars that is why in the USA there are drive-in banks, drive-in restaurants and drive-
in movies.
after [3] before [3] by [2] for [3] instead of
on [2] without [4]
Ex.11. Read and translate the following sentences. State the function of gerunds.
1) Fences and other devices are built for protecting the tracks against snow and for keeping the
livestock away from the railway. 2) They insisted on examining goods before loading. 3) There was
still some hope of catching the last train. 4) Working on the computer requires much attention.
5) One of the very first railways in the USA, which was 3 miles in length, used horses for pulling
wagons. 6) On entering the compartment a man introduced himself to his fellow travelers. 7) Using
computers will enable us to increase the efficiency of work. 8) Instead of increasing fares the
Railway Management should concentrate on reducing its costs and improving its efficiency. 9) In
1996 several Asian countries founded the Pan-Asian railway organization with the aim of uniting
their individual railways into a continuous network. 10) After laying sleepers upon the roadbed, the
workers began fastening the rails to them. 11) The first steps in designing robot engine driver for
heavy high-speed trains were made in 1960s. 12) As the railways have a standard gauge now, it is
possible for passengers to travel over several lines without changing cars. 13) Flying from Los
Angeles to Tokyo on board a new supersonic aircraft will take two hours. 14) As the seats in Metro
cars are arranged in rows on both sides of the carriage, the passengers can easily take their seats
without causing trouble to other people. 15) He made a lot of money by buying tickets in advance
and selling them for twice the price on the day of the train departure. 16) A long tunnel was bored
through the mountain but laying railway tracks in this tunnel was not planned. 17) The motor has
broken from overheating. 18) This car needs fuelling every 300 miles.
Ex.12. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1) Количество рабочих было уменьшено после установки нового оборудования. 2) Он ушёл, не
подождав
нас. 3) Было решено [to decide] реконструировать вокзал вместо того, чтобы
строить новый. 4) После проведения эксперимента ты должен проветрить лабораторию. 5)
Стоимость перевозки пассажиров и грузов можно уменьшить путём увеличения длины и веса
поездов. 6) Метод управления движением всех поездов на линии с центрального пункта
называется диспетчерской централизацией. 7) Лететь на самолете быстрее, но он
предпочитает
путешествовать поездом. 8) Подъемный кран – это механическое устройство,
которое используется для поднятия [to lift] грузов. 9) Много лет инженеры пытались найти
новый материал для производства шпал.
Ex.13. Answer the following questions. Pay attention to gerunds in different functions.
1) Do you realize the importance of learning foreign languages? What about your friends? Do
you have much experience in speaking English?
2) Do you take much interest in reading English books in the original?
3) What ways of learning words do you find most effective?
4) How can you improve your English if you haven’t much chance of speaking it?
5) Do you remember taking the first entrance exam? What do you remember about the day?
6) Which do you like better, asking questions or answering them?
7) What films do you consider worth seeing?
8) What are you fond of doing?
9) What is your friend busy doing now?

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