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engineer was asked to estimate the ___ for the repair of the building. 10) This mechanism
activates the ___ brake. 11) Let it ___ as it is. 12) The engine was old and was making a lot of ___.
GRAMMAR REVIEW
(Infinitive; Complex Object; Complex Subject; attributive groups)
Ex.5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to infinitives. State the functions of
infinitives.
A. 1) To use steel rails instead of wooden ones was a great step forward. 2) It is very difficult to
drive a car in a big city. 3) It will be quicker to return the book by mail. 4) The task of traffic police
is to provide safety on roads. 5) Although David started his career as a small clerk, his aim was to
become a head of a big business. 6) The mechanic was asked to estimate the cost for the repair of
the car. 7) Suddenly the engine began to make a strange noise. 8) The train was too heavy to be
hauled by one locomotive. 9) The new tunnel to be constructed here will be the longest in the
country. 10) A special design bureau in St.Petersburg was the first in the world to develop the
production of super-long escalators. 11) He was not old enough to drive a car at that time. 12) To
make the Moscow-St.Petersburg line straight and level, 185 bridges and 19 viaducts were built.
13) The railways must increase their speed to compete with air and road transport. 14) The lorry is
too heavy to be towed by a car. 15) To avoid accidents the driver must strictly follow traffic rules.
16) A band of metal was used to strengthen the joint.
B. 1) The new branches of industry to be developed in this part of the country are metallurgy
and radio engineering. 2) The function of the automatic engine driver is to start and stop the train, to
select the speed of running and to keep strictly to the schedule. 3) To protect wooden sleepers
against decay, they are treated with creosote. 4) In planning a railway route the main factors to be
taken into account are the cost of constructing a line, the cost of operating it and the probable
volume of traffic. 5) The Tacoma Bridge collapsed because its structure was not strong enough to
withstand the wind of 42 miles per hour. 6) Before the refrigerator car was invented, it was
impossible to carry fresh meat, fruit, vegetables and other food products for long distances. 7) The
boat is not strong enough to be used for distant journeys. 8) It is necessary to provide regular
maintenance of the car. 9) In the USA the Baltimore Railway Company was the first to put forward
the idea of centralized railway traffic. 10) In Hong Kong the new trains carrying passengers to and
from the airport are equipped with TVsets to give information on flights, news, tourist information
and weather. 11) It is dangerous to stand on the step of a moving train. 12) The aim of using several
locomotives in one train is to carry extremely heavy loads. 13) Our design bureau has developed
spiral escalators to be used in public buildings. 14) She is too proud to receive customers’ tips.
15) Some scientists say that it is dangerous to use cellular phone too much. 16) We are never too old
to learn. 17) To know everything is to know nothing.
Ex.6. Complete the sentences using infinitives as subjects according to the model. If it
is difficult for you to make up your own sentences, consult the box.
Model: It is dangerous… → It is dangerous to ride a motorcycle with closed eyes. =
To ride a motorcycle with closed eyes is dangerous.
1) It was quite difficult… 9) It was unpleasant…
2) It is important… 10) It was never easy for me…
3) It would be interesting… 11) It will take you half an hour…
4) It was foolish of him… 12) It is necessary…
5) It is always a pleasure… 13) It might be exciting…
6) It is impossible… 14) It is a good idea…
7) It is simple… 15) It is dangerous…
8) It is better… 16) It is easier…
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