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asked him not to divulge the recipe for his frozen cream. The King wanted the delicacy to be served only at the Royal table and
offered she cook 500 pounds a year to keep it that way. Sometime later, however, poor Charles fell into disfavor with his people and
was beheaded in 1649. But by that time, the secret of the frozen cream remained a secret no more. The cook, named DeMirco, had not
kept his promise.
3. _____ is just one of many of the fascinating tales which surround the evolution of our country's most popular dessert, ice
cream. It is likely that ice cream was not invented, but rather came to be over years of similar efforts. Indeed, the Roman Emperor
Nero Claudius Caesar is said to have sent slaves to the mountains to bring snow and ice to cool and freeze the fruit drinks he was so
fond of. Centuries later, the Italian Marco Polo returned from his famous journey to the Far East with a recipe for making water ices
resembling modern day sherbets.
4. _____ of myths about the history of ice cream. According to popular accounts, Marco Polo (1254 – 1324) saw ice creams
being made during his trip to China, and on his return, introduced them to Italy. The myth continues with the Italian chefs of the
young Catherine de'Medici taking this magical dish to France when she went there in 1533 to marry the Duke d'Orleans, with Charles
I rewarding his own ice-cream maker with a lifetime pension on condition that he did not divulge his secret recipe to anyone, thereby
keeping ice cream as a royal prerogative.
5. _____, there is no historical evidence to support any of these stories. They would appear to be purely the creation of
imaginative nineteenth-century ice-cream makers and vendors. Indeed, we have found no mention of any of these stories before the
nineteenth century. They go on to refute the claims about Marco Polo, Catherine de'Medici, and Charles I (in particular, while the
IAICM reference credits DeMirco as the Charles I chef, apparently while other various sources credit 10 different men, there are no
records of such a pension being paid to any of Charles I's cooks).
E x e r c i s e T w o
. Mark whether the statements below are true or false:
1. A caterer named Phillip Lenzi announced in a New York newspaper that he would be offering for sale ice cream in
1773.
2. The first improvement in the manufacture of ice cream (from the handmade way in a large bowl) was given to us by
a New Jersey woman, Nancy Johnson.
3. She invented the handmade freezer.
4. Because Nancy Johnson had the foresight to have her invention patented, her name appears on the patent records.
5. A similar type of freezer was, however, patented on May 30, 1840.
6. Commercial production was begun in South America in Baltimore, Maryland, 1851.
7. Mr. Jacob Fussell is now known as the father of the American ice cream industry.
8. Dolly Madison, the wife of President James Madison, heard about the new dessert, made ice cream a feature of dinners at
the White House.
9. Aunt Sallie Shadd achieved legendary status among Wilmington's free black population as the inventor of ice
cream.
10. About 1926 the first commercially-successful continuous process freezer was invented.
11. The continuous freezer was developed by Clarence Vogt.
12. The first Canadian to start selling ice cream was Thomas Webb of Toronto, a confectioner, around 1855.
Back to the IAICM history....
In 1774, a caterer named Phillip Lenzi announced in a New York newspaper that he had just arrived from London and would be
offering for sale various confections, including ice cream. Dolley Madison, wife of U.S. President James Madison, served ice cream at
her husband's Inaugural Ball in 1813.
The first improvement in the manufacture of ice cream (from the handmade way in a large bowl) was given to us by a New
Jersey woman, Nancy Johnson, who in 1846 invented the hand-cranked freezer. This device is still familiar to many. By turning the
freezer handle, they agitated a container of ice cream mix in a bed of salt and ice until the mix was frozen. Because Nancy Johnson
lacked the foresight to have her invention patented, her name does not appear on the patent records. A similar type of freezer was,
however, patented on May 30, 1848, by a Mr. Young who at least had the courtesy to call it the "Johnson Patent Ice Cream Freezer".
Commercial production was begun in North America in Baltimore, Maryland, 1851, by Mr. Jacob Fussell, now known as the
father of the American ice cream industry.
An unsubstantiated story regarding Dolley's discovery of ice cream goes like this: "Betty Jackson, a black woman from Chadds
Ford, Pennsylvania, established a tea room on French Street in Wilmington, Delaware, where she sold cakes, fruit, and desserts to
wealthy people for their parties. Her son, Jeremiah Shadd, was a butcher, well-known for his ability to cure meat. His wife, known as
Aunt Sallie Shadd, achieved legendary status among Wilmington's free black population as the inventor of ice cream. The story was
that the butcher Jeremiah purchased Sallie's freedom. Like other members of her family, she went into the catering business and
created a new dessert sensation made from frozen cream, sugar, and fruit. Dolly Madison, the wife of President James Madison, heard
about the new dessert, came to Wilmington to try it, and afterward made ice cream a feature of dinners at the White House."
About 1926 the first commercially-successful continuous process freezer was perfected. The continuous freezer, developed by
Clarence Vogt, and later ones produced by other manufacturers, has allowed the ice cream industry to become a mass producer of its
product.
The first Canadian to start selling ice cream was Thomas Webb of Toronto, a confectioner, around 1850. William Neilson
produced his first commercial batch of ice cream on Gladstone Ave. in Toronto in 1893, and his company produced ice cream at that
location for close to 100 years.
E x e r c i s e T h r e e
. Read the article below and write one word to fill the gap.
Ice cream Manufacture
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