Использование различных референц-эллипсоидов в судовождении. Комаровский Ю.А. - 97 стр.

UptoLike

Составители: 

=_h^_abq_kd Zykbkl_fZ:*6
&R
S\
UL
J
KW><=F: DhfZ
j
h\kdbcX:

VLQ G
a
QP
3
ijbkh_^bg_ggZynmgdpbyE_`Zg^jZ
<>
VLQ FRV VLQ
VLQ
GG G
G
aa a
a
P
P
QP Q
P
G
33
G

]^_VLQG
a
Q
3
ihebghfE_`Zg^jZ

VLQ VLQ
VLQ
GG
G
aa
¸
a
Q
Q
Q
QQ
G
3
QG

>eyijZdlbq_kdbo\uqbke_gbcm^h[g__\hkihevah\ZlvkylZ[ebp_cghjfZ
ebah\Zgguo]jZ\blZpbhgg uodhwn n bpb_gl h\>@
;he__ lhqgu_ jZkq_lu k\yaZggu_ k ]jZ\blZpbhgguf ihe_f A_feb lj_
[mxl mq_lZ ZghfZebc ]jZ\blZpbb <:*6(*0ZghfZebb ij_^klZ\e_gu
dhwnnbpb_glZfbK
Q
dhlhju_\uqbke yxlk yihke_^mxs_cnhjf me_



H

Q
QP QP
Q
P
&Q &6

\dhlhjhc]jZ\blZpbhgg u_Zghf ZebbK
Q
bf_xljZaf_jghklvf=Ze

H
kj_^
g__ agZq_gb_ l_hj_lbq_kdhc ]jZ\blZpbb dhlhjh_ ^ey weebikhb^Z:*6
jZ\ghf=ZeDhwn n bpb_glu K
Q
^ey
Q
hl^h  ijb\h^ylky \
p_ehfjy^_ba^Zgbc>@
Nhjfmeu   b  ihe_agu b ^ey jZkq_lh\ ih gZ\b]Zpb b
ih]jZ\blZpbhgghfmihexA_feb
=_hb^:*6
<kbkl_f_]_h^_abq_kdbo dhhj^bgZl:*6jZkkfZljb
\Zxlky ljb ih\_joghklb  nbabq_kdZy ih\_joghklv A_feb hihjgZy ih\_jo
ghklvj_n _j_gpweebikhb^Z:*6bwd\bihl_gpbZe vgZyih\_joghklv]jZ\b
lZpbhggh]hiheyA_febgZau\Z_fZy]_hb^ hf
MjZ\g_gb_ 
:;<= FRQVW

aZ^Z_l k_f_ckl \h wd\bihl_gpbZevguo ih\_joghkl _c *(236 ] jZ\ bl Zpbhggh]h
iheyA_feb<dZq_kl\_]_hb^Z:*6jZkkfZljb\ Z_lkylZdZywd\bihl_gpbZevgZy
*(236 ^eydhlhjhc dhgklZglZ  jZ\gZ
:
 lh _klv jZ\gZ l_hj _l bq _kdhfm
ghjfZevghfm]jZ\blZpbhgg hfmihl_gpbZ emweebikhb^Z
8
kfIjbe
>eyf gh]boijZdlbq_kdboijbeh`_gbc ]_hb^ :*6\ i_j\hf ijb[ eb
`_gbbijbgbfZ_lkyaZ kj_^gxx g_\haf ms_gg mx ih\_j oghkl v hd_ZgZ 06/
Ke_^m_lmlhqgblvqlh06/g_ y\ey_lkywd\b ihl_g pbZev ghcih\_j oghkl v xZ
qlh[u hij_^_eblv06/\ dZ dhceb[h lhqd_ hd_ZgZ g_h[oh^bfh ijh\_klb \
g_cgZ[ex^_gby\l_q_gb_e_l
< fZl_fZlbq_k dhf kfuke_ ]_hb^ fh`_l [ulv hij_^_e_g b dZd g_dZy ih
\_joghklvdhlhjZyhlklhblgZ^
1
bebgb`_
1
weebikhb^Z\dZ`^hc_]h
lhqd_<hij_^_ e_gbb]_hb^Zkh^_j`blky\Z`guc^eyijZdlbdbkfuke ]_hb^
fh`_l kem`blv hihjghc ih\_joghkl v x ^ey hlkq_lZ \ukhl \ hldjulhf fhj_
+
 Dh]^Z lj_[m_lky hij_^ _ebl v \ha \ur_gb_ dZdhceb[h lhqdbgZijbf_j
nZah\h]h p_gljZ Zgl_ggu ijb_fhbg^bdZlhjZ GZ\klZj*36gZ^ j_n_j_gp
weebikhb^hf
K
lhfh`ghijbf_gblvke_^mxs__ijhklh_\ujZ`_gb_
=_h^_abq_kdZykbkl_fZ:*6                                                            

     3QP VLQ G a ijbkh_^bg_ggZynmgdpbyE_`Zg^jZ
                                           P       GP
                   3QP   VLQ Ga  FRV Ga                     P   < 3Q VLQ Ga >        
                                                G VLQ Ga
]^_ 3Q VLQ G a ihebghfE_`Zg^jZ
                                       GQ                  Q
                   3Q VLQ G a  Q ¸          Q
                                               VLQ  G a           
                                Q G VLQ Ga
    >eyijZdlbq_kdbo\uqbke_gbcm^h[g__\hkihevah\ZlvkylZ[ebp_cghjfZ
ebah\Zgguo]jZ\blZpbhgguodhwnnbpb_glh\>@
    ;he__ lhqgu_ jZkq_lu k\yaZggu_ k ]jZ\blZpbhgguf ihe_f A_feb lj_
[mxl mq_lZ ZghfZebc ]jZ\blZpbb < :*6  (*0 ZghfZebb ij_^klZ\e_gu
dhwnnbpb_glZfbKQdhlhju_\uqbkeyxlkyihke_^mxs_cnhjfme_
                                                Q
                                                                 
                          &Q  H Q       
                                               œ      & QP       6 QP                 
                                               P 
\dhlhjhc]jZ\blZpbhggu_ZghfZebbKQ bf_xljZaf_jghklvf=Ze H   kj_^
g__ agZq_gb_ l_hj_lbq_kdhc ]jZ\blZpbb dhlhjh_ ^ey weebikhb^Z :*6 
jZ\gh  f=Ze Dhwnnbpb_glu KQ ^ey Q hl  ^h  ijb\h^ylky \
p_ehfjy^_ba^Zgbc>@
     Nhjfmeu     b   ihe_agu b ^ey jZkq_lh\ ih gZ\b]Zpbb
ih]jZ\blZpbhgghfmihexA_feb
     =_hb^ :*6  < kbkl_f_ ]_h^_abq_kdbo dhhj^bgZl :*6  jZkkfZljb
\Zxlky ljb ih\_joghklb nbabq_kdZy ih\_joghklv A_feb hihjgZy ih\_jo
ghklvj_n_j_gpweebikhb^Z:*6bwd\bihl_gpbZevgZyih\_joghklv]jZ\b
lZpbhggh]hiheyA_febgZau\Z_fZy]_hb^hf
     MjZ\g_gb_                 : ;  <  =  FRQVW                         
aZ^Z_l k_f_ckl\h wd\bihl_gpbZevguo ih\_joghkl_c *(236  ]jZ\blZpbhggh]h
iheyA_feb<dZq_kl\_]_hb^Z:*6jZkkfZljb\Z_lkylZdZywd\bihl_gpbZevgZy
*(236 ^ey dhlhjhc dhgklZglZ   jZ\gZ : lh _klv jZ\gZ l_hj_lbq_kdhfm
 ghjfZevghfm ]jZ\blZpbhgghfmihl_gpbZemweebikhb^Z8 kfIjbe 
     >ey fgh]bo ijZdlbq_kdbo ijbeh`_gbc ]_hb^ :*6  \ i_j\hf ijb[eb
`_gbb ijbgbfZ_lky aZ kj_^gxx g_\hafms_ggmx ih\_joghklv hd_ZgZ 06/ 
Ke_^m_lmlhqgblvqlh06/g_y\ey_lkywd\bihl_gpbZevghcih\_joghklvxZ
qlh[u hij_^_eblv 06/ \ dZdhceb[h lhqd_ hd_ZgZ g_h[oh^bfh ijh\_klb \
g_cgZ[ex^_gby\l_q_gb_e_l
     < fZl_fZlbq_kdhf kfuke_ ]_hb^ fh`_l [ulv hij_^_e_g b dZd g_dZy ih
\_joghklvdhlhjZyhlklhblgZ^ 1 bebgb`_ 1 weebikhb^Z\dZ`^hc_]h
lhqd_<hij_^_e_gbb]_hb^Zkh^_j`blky\Z`guc^eyijZdlbdbkfuke]_hb^
fh`_l kem`blv hihjghc ih\_joghklvx ^ey hlkq_lZ \ukhl \ hldjulhf fhj_
 +  Dh]^Z lj_[m_lky hij_^_eblv \ha\ur_gb_ dZdhceb[h lhqdb gZijbf_j
nZah\h]h p_gljZ Zgl_ggu ijb_fhbg^bdZlhjZ GZ\klZj *36  gZ^ j_n_j_gp
weebikhb^hf K lhfh`ghijbf_gblvke_^mxs__ijhklh_\ujZ`_gb_


&RS\ULJKW‹><=F:                                             DhfZjh\kdbcX: