Английский язык. Конова М.А. - 26 стр.

           13) to reduce - уменьшить
           14) multinationals –международные корпорации
           15) to confront with –столкнуться с чем-либо/кем-либо
           16) emergency-срочность
           17) lack – нехватка
           18) sample- образец
           19) spare parts-детали, комплектующие
           20) consignment-товар
           21) shipment-партия товара, груз
           22) border post- таможенный пост
           23) lengthy – длинный, долгий
           24) to treat – рассматривать
           25) extra – дополнительный


      4.2 Read the following analytical article taken from “Transition”
bulletin written by Peter Davics, translate it using the dictionary and answer
the questions below
                                    Text A
                     Customs Reforms is Urgent in Russia

      With the recent changes in Central and Eastern Europe one can’t but agree
that there is a special need in a reform of customs laws across those countries to
make it easier for major investors to trade effectively with (and invest in) the
region. Without a doubt, one country where reform is most urgently needed is
Russia.
      When we asked major multinationals which countries in Central and Eastern
Europe and the CIS the most straightforward customs procedures, Russia didn’t
even register. In fact, Russian import procedures were given bottom marks, when it
came to the volume of paper work needed, the speed of processing, and the
prevalence of corruption, although competency of Russian officials was rated
relatively high.
      What are the roots of the customs problem in Russia? It cannot be easy for the
State Customs Service to use customs to facilitate trade and foreign investment,
while it is also under pressure from the federal government to increase annual
customs receipts of more than $10 billion. Lowering import tariffs would raise
customs revenue (by increasing imports) and reduce corruption. But in the current
economic climate Western investors have been confronted with an extra 3%
emergency import duty.
      There is a real lack of understanding about business needs, and a reluctance to
meet major foreign investors halfway when it comes to import rules and
regulations. Once declarations are submitted, customs officers often reject them in
order to dictate a different tariff that allows them to maximize revenue. Every
declaration must be processed through a lengthy procedure of checks and physical